نياز شديد به افزايش عملکرد دستگاههاي الکترونيکي موجب شده تا توليدکنندگان به ساخت ترانزيستورهاي کوچک و کوچک تر گرايش پيدا کنند. به اين منظور توليد نانودستگاه هايي با ابعاد کوچک اجتناب ناپذير به نظر ميرسد.
به گزارش سرويس علمي برنا، محققان مي گويند برنامهريزي تک تک واحدهاي مداري نانودستگاهها و عيبيابي آنها بهدليل تعداد بسيار زياد اجزاي آن تقريباً غير ممکن است. محققان معتقدند، بهتر است به جاي تعيين مشخصات بعدي دستگاه، آن را همانند يک شبکه عصبي در نظر بگيريم. در اين شيوه تعداد المانهاي غير خطي مورد نياز کاهش پيدا ميكند، که با فاصله کنار هم قرار دارند و المانهاي خطي شروع به کار كرده، جريان ورودي را به المانها ي غير خطي منتقل ميکنند.
متناسب با نحوه ساخت اين ميلههاي عرضي، ميتوان ميزان ورودي متغير به اين المانهاي غير خطي را تنظيم نمود. با اين کار اين شبکه ميتواند با از کار افتادن المانهاي خطي، خود را بازيابي و ترميم نمايد.
اين شبکه يک ساز و كار برنامهريزي خودفراگير را فراهم ميکند که با تشکيل لايهاي در اطراف ناحيه مشخصهسازي دستگاه، مشکل کامپايل آن را برطرف نمايد.
گفتني است هماكنون تمامي اين نتايج در مرحله تئوري است؛ ولي با اين حال ميتوان آن را راهي جايگزين و رو به جلو براي رفع برخي مشکلات پيچيده در ساخت دستگاه هاي الکترونيکي به شمار آورد.
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zatan در شنبه سی و یکم شهریور 1386
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اغلب ميتوان رسانايي مواد را از طريق افزودن ناخالصيها بهبود بخشيد. به عنوان مثال فولاد آهني است که داراي مقداري کربن ميباشد. جهت توليد مواد مورد نياز براي قطعات الکترونيکي پيشرفته، مقدار کمي ناخالصي به سيليکون اضافه ميکنند.
اين ناخالصيها امکان عبور جريان الکتريسيته از نيمههاديها را ايجاد کرده و به طراحان اجازه ميدهد ويژگيهاي الکتريکي مواد را کنترل کنند.
محققان موسسه علوم وايزمن همراه با همکارانشان در آمريکا اولين کساني هستند که توانستند فرآيند ناخالصسازي را در زمينه الکترونيک مولکولي (توسعه قطعات الکترونيکي ساخته شده از تکلايههاي مولکولهاي آلي) به اجرا بگذارند.
چنين قطعاتي ميتوانند ارزان و زيستتخريبپذير بوده و دستکاري آنها نيز آسان باشد. مشکلي که در زمينه قطعات الکترونيکي مولکولي وجود دارد اين است که ابتدا اين مواد آلي بايد به صورت خالص ساخته شده و سپس راهي براي وارد کردن ناخالصي در اين سيستمهاي نسبتاً حساس پيدا شود.
اين کاري است که پروفسور ديويد کاهن از موسسه وايزمن به همراه همکاران ديگرش انجام دادند. آنها پس از آنکه موفق به خالصسازي لايههاي آلي در حدي شدند که ناخالصيهاي باقيمانده در رفتار الکترونيکي سيستم تأثير نگذارند، نشان دادند که امکان وارد کردن ناخالصيها در اين لايهها وجود دارد.
اين محققان تکلايههاي تميز را از طريق قرار دادن سطوح آنها در معرض نور ماوراي بنفش يا اشعه الکتروني ضعيف ناخالص کردند. اين تابشها باعث تغيير در پيوندهاي شيميايي ميشوند که لايه مولکولي را ميسازند.در نهايت اين پيوندها بر عبور الکترونها از اين مولکولها تأثير گذاشتند.
نتايج اين تحقيق در Journal of American Chemical Society منتشر شده است.
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zatan در شنبه سی و یکم شهریور 1386
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Nanotechnology based magnetic separation could revolutionize separation technology
Probably any chemist must have dreamt about it: Quick isolation of a chemical from a reaction mixture without the hassle of tedious liquid handling lasting for hours. The problem is that today the product separation and postprocessing of organic compounds, proteins, nucleic acids, and natural products from complex reaction mixtures remains labor-intensive and costly. Catalytic processes in the liquid phase are important in many areas of the fine and specialty chemicals industries, and the use of solid catalysts means easier catalyst separation and recovery, hence facilitating their reuse. Usually a smaller catalyst particles means a higher activity, and sub micron particles are particularly attractive because they experience no significant attrition, i.e. no reduction in particle size. A major difficultly with small particles is the cumbersome fact that they are almost impossible to separate by conventional means, which can lead to the blocking of filters and valves by the catalyst. A possible solution to this problem is the magnetic separation of products from mixtures, as routinely applied in biochemistry. Unfortunately, the exorbitant price of magnetic microbeads and their low binding capacity limit their use for organic synthesis. Researchers in Switzerland, have now found a way to link organic molecules to metallic nanomagnets. This allows separating tagged molecules or reagents after synthesis within seconds. The technology is now explored in organic chemistry and biotechnology as an alternative to chromatography or crystallization. Combining classical organic synthesis or polymer production with magnetic separation could potentially revolutionize key processes in the chemical industry.
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zatan در شنبه سی و یکم شهریور 1386
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Swirled to the left or right? Nanofibers align in stirred liquid
Is the vortex in a stirred liquid swirling clockwise or counterclockwise? A zinc porphyrin dendrimer--a branched molecule with a central zinc atom--can answer this question. As Japanese researchers report in the journal Angewandte Chemie, the optical activity of a solution containing this substance changes rapidly when the direction of stirring is changed.
It is possible that vortexes in the distant past were responsible for breaking the symmetry in nature to give us the "handed" life we see today, which has clear preferences for "left-" or "right-handed" molecular building blocks like sugars and amino acids. Vortexes in liquids clearly twist either one way or the other, as do screws, our hair, or snail shells. They can be related to each other like mirror images or left and right hands. This is called "handedness" (chirality).
Vortexes are very complex structures, containing many regions with currents moving in completely different directions. For example, if a liquid is stirred in a cuvette, a dense circular current forms at the center while a loose spiral-shaped flow is present in the outer regions of the vortex.
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zatan در شنبه سی و یکم شهریور 1386
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با استفاده از گرافن در مواد کامپوزيتي ميتوان پلاستيک رسانايي ساخت که با توجه به هزينه کم توليد آن، کاربردهاي مختلفي خواهد داشت. با اين حا ل به نظر نميرسد که استحکام اين مواد به حد نانولولههاي کربنياي برسد که در هم رفتگي شبکهاي بيشتري دارند.
به گزارش سرويس علمي برنا، گرافن با ساختار شبکهاي خود به ضخامت يک اتم کربن و کاربردهاي بسيار متنوعي که دارد دانشمندان را به حيرت واداشتهاست. هماکنون با اينكه تنها سه سال از کشف اين ماده ميگذرد، صدها مقاله درباره آن به نگارش درآمدهاست. دانشمندان با انجام آزمايشهاي مختلف دريافتهاند که اين ماده حتي در شرايطي که غلظت حاملهاي بار درآن ظاهرا ً صفر است، باز هم از قابليت رسانش الکتريکي برخوردار است. در واقع الکترونهاي پيرامون اتمهاي کربن با پتانسيل تناوبي شبکه لانه زنبوري گرافن برهم کنش نموده و در نتيجه، شبه ذرات جديدي با جرم حالت سکون صفر، که بسيار سريعتر از الکترونهاي ساير نيمهرساناها حرکت ميکنند، به وجود ميآيند.
کاربرد جذاب ديگر اين ماده استفاده از پودر آن در باتريهاي الکتريکي به جاي گرافيت است. نسبت سطح به حجم بالا و رسانش الکتريکي بسيار خوبي که پودرهاي گرافني دارند ميتواند منجر به بهبود بازدهي اين باتريها شده، حتي بهتر از باتريهاي مدرن الياف کربني کنوني عمل کند. لازم به ذکر است، عليرغم پيشرفت بسيار سريع و خوبي که گرافن داشتهاست، هنوز قابليتهاي زيادي از آن ناشناخته ماندهاست.
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zatan در پنجشنبه بیست و نهم شهریور 1386
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پيوند نانو فناوري و دانش الکترونيک: نانو سيم ها در خدمت نسل جديد رايانه ها
با استفاده از نانو سيم ها امکان توسعه نسل جديد رايانه ها که از پردازشگر هاي کوانتومي براي تحليل اطلاعات خود استفاده ميکنند،فراهم مي شود.
به گزارش سرويس علمي برنا، محققان سوئدي با استفاده از يک نانو سيم اينديم آرسنيدي، توانستند نحوه چيدمان الکترون ها را کنترل کنند. اين اولين گام مهم بهسمت ساخت رايانه هاي کوانتومي است. به عقيده محققان يکي از راههاي پردازش اطلاعات کوانتومي در کنترل حرکت الکترون ها نهفته است. نحوه ساخت نانوسيم هاي مورد نياز براي اين کار بسيار ساده است؛ نانوسيمهاي اينديم آرسنيدي خودبهخود در حين بلور شدن داخل ميلهها آرايش مييابند ويک سيم نازک تشکيل مي دهند . محققان معتقدند در طي پنج تا ده سال آينده نمي توان اولين رايانه هاي کوانتومي را ساخت زيرا به مطالعه و تحقيق بيشتري در اين زمينه نياز است.
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zatan در پنجشنبه بیست و نهم شهریور 1386
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ساخت نانو ماهواره قابل کنترل با پيام کوتاه روسي در آينده نزديک به پايان مي رسد.
به گزارش سرويس بين الملل برنا به نقل از ايراس، "ارنولد سليوانف" معاون رئيس موسسه تجهيزات فضايي روسيه طي سخناني در يک کنفرانس خبري اعلام کرد: فناوري ساخت تجهيزات فضايي بسيار کوچک مورد توجه جدي روسيه قرار دارد. وي در ادامه افزود: نمونه هاي اين نانو ماهواره ها که با کمک پيام کوتاه ارسالي از گوشي همراه کنترل مي شوند، ساخته شده و مورد آزمايش قرار گرفته اند و کار روي ساخت نمونه هاي اصلي ادامه دارد. به گفته وي اين نانو ماهواره ها وظيفه انجام عمليات علمي _ تحقيقاتي را بر عهده خواهند داشت و قرار است اولين سري آن سال 2008 ميلادي به مدار زمين فرستاده شوند.
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zatan در پنجشنبه بیست و نهم شهریور 1386
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در روش جديد درمان سرطان ريه، محققان با استفاده از انتقال دهنده هايي در حد نانو مواد دارويي را به سلول هاي سرطاني منتقل مي كنند. به گزارش باشگاه خبرنگاران و به نقل از خبرگزاري آلمان، محققان دانشگاه زارلند آلمان داروهاي مختلف ضد ت"لومراز" را بر روي ذراتي در حد نانون بسته بندي كردند. گفتني است، تلومرازها در تكثير سلول هاي سرطاني نقش دارند. بنابراين گزارش، با قرار دادن اين داروهاي ضد "تلومراز" بر روي ذرات ريز، جذب بهتر آن را در سلول هاي سرطاني امكان پذير مي كند. محققان همچنين در تلاشند كه اين دارو را بصورت استنشاقي منتقل كنند و بدين ترتيب روش درماني موضعي و حتي الامكان بدون عارضه جانبي را ايجاد كنند./
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zatan در پنجشنبه بیست و نهم شهریور 1386
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Scientists carve 3D microstructures in carbon nanotube forests
Using a focused laser beam to selectively burn regions of a dense forest of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs), researchers have demonstrated a method that may enable rapid prototyping of nanotube microstructures.
The researchers, from the University of Southern California and NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, have published their results in a recent issue of Applied Physics Letters. They fabricated patterns in the nanotubes such as a staircase structure, cylindrical structures, and square arrays with the laser burning method, which might be used for creating gas and liquid transport channels for various applications.
"While carbon nanotubes possess many exceptional properties which far exceed most known bulk materials, creating controlled nanotube structures has always been a challenge," co-author Stephen Cronin told PhysOrg.com. "By overcoming this challenge, our technique enables chemically sensitive fields to take advantage of nanotubes' exceptional properties and expand their possible applications into new areas."
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zatan در چهارشنبه بیست و هشتم شهریور 1386
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سرمايه گذاري 130ميليارد روبلي روسيه در نانو تكنولوژي
سرگي ايوانف معاون اول نخست وزير روسيه اعلام كرد:برنامه توسعه فنآوري نانو در روسيه به هزينههاي هنگفت نياز دارد. به گزارش خبرنگار باشگاه خبرنگاران در آسياي ميانه ايوانف افزود: در حال حاضر ساخت مركز ويژه مجهز به تازهترين امكانات فني در مركز انستيتوي كورچاتوف دردست اقدام است . وي خاطرنشان كرد: در اين زمينه علاوه بر امكانات مالي و مادي بايد تمام امكانات علمي موجود در كشور نيز در اين راستا بكار گرفته شود. گفتني است: روسيه براي توسعه اين فنآوري نانو در اين كشور 130 ميليارد روبل هزينه در نظر گرفته است .
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zatan در چهارشنبه بیست و هشتم شهریور 1386
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/ برای نخستین بار در جهان / تکنیک نوین کنترل خودمونتاژی نانو ذرات ارایه شد دانشمندان در آمریکا تکنیک جدیدی برای کنترل خودمونتاژی ذرات میکرونی و نانویی ارایه کردند.
به گزارش خبرگزاری مهر، از این روش جدید مبتنی بر پوسته های DNA طراحی شده پوشاننده سطح ذره می توان برای دستکاری ساختار و در ادامه ویژگی های نانوذراتی استفاده کرد که استفاده کاربردی و روزافزونی در صنایع دارند.
به گفته دانشمندان آزمایشگاه ملی "بروک هاون" وزارت انرژی آمریکا که ابداع کننده این تکنیک نوین هستند، از این فناوری می توان در مواردی نظیر حسگرهای بیو مولکولی با هدف کنترل محیط زیست، کاربردهای پزشکی از جمله انتقال دارو و سیستم های سلولی استفاده کرد.
بر اساس گزارش ساینس دیلی، "گنگ" محقق اصلی این پروژه گفت: روشی که ما آن را ارایه کرده ایم در نوع خود منحصربفرد است چون طی آن دو گونه از DNA با عملکردهای مختلف به سطوح ذرات متصل شده است.
دانشمندان امیدوار هستند تا با استفاده از این تکنیک جدید تحول بنیادینی در صنایع وابسته به فناوری نانو ایجاد کنند.
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zatan در چهارشنبه بیست و هشتم شهریور 1386
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نانوتکنولوژی در ساخت زره های مقاوم به سلاح های بالستیک به کار برده می شود محققان معتقدند: ترکیب ذرات نانو با مواد تشکیل دهنده زره های محافظت کننده از بدن، پوشش های حفاظتی سبک تر، انعطاف پذیرتر و کارآمدتری را به وجود می آورد.
به گزارش خبرگزاری "مهر"، زره هایی که در حال حاضر مورد استفاده قرار می گیرد از لایه های سنگین و سخت مواد سرامیکی ساخته شده اند.
تیمی از محققان لابراتوار Daresbury CCLRC و محققان دانشگاه های "توسکی گی" و "آتلانتیک" فلوریدا مشغول آزمایش روی موادی با ترکیبات جدید نانو هستند که به منظور ایجاد حالت انعطاف پذیری بیشتر و حفاظت هرچه بهتر بدن در مقابل سلاح های بالستیک با ترکیبات پارچه مخلوط می شود.
بر اساس گزارش پایگاه اینترنتی Scenta به اعتقاد دانشمندان، جای دادن ذرات نانو کروی شکل سیلیکون یا دی اکسید تیتانیوم یا لوله های نانو کربنی در قالب پلاستیکی یا ایپوکسی که نوعی صمغ مصنوعی قابل انعطاف است، محصولی مقاوم تر در مقابل امواج بالستیک ایجاد می کند که از انعطاف پذیری بیشتری نیز برخوردار است.
لابراتوار Daresbury با هدف دستیابی به راهکارهای ساخت مواد جدید با بالاترین توان و نیروی ممکن تاسیس شده است.
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zatan در چهارشنبه بیست و هشتم شهریور 1386
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جام جم آنلاين: محققان آمریکایی روشی را برای پوشش دادن نانوپارتیکل ها با یک ماده شیمیایی یافته اند که به رفع مشکل انتقال دارو در بدن در نتیجه تداخل مخاط کمک می کند. به گزارش ساینس دیلی محققان دانشگاه جان هاپکینز می گویند لایه های مخاطی که بافتهای حساس بدن را محافظت می کنند یکی از عواملی هستند که مانع انتقال داروها و درنتیجه تاثیر کافی آنها در درمان می شوند. پوشش های جدید ریزذرات انتقال دهنده دارو به این داروها کمک میکند این داروها روی یک سطح چسبنده لیز بخورند. طی آزمایشات انجام شده با ذرات پوشش دار ، محققان دریافته اند منافذ لایه های مخاطی بدن از آنچه تصور می شد بزرگترند و در نتیجه راهی را برای عبور دزهای بیشتر دارو و رسیدن آن به بافت حفاظت شده فراهم می کنند.
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zatan در دوشنبه بیست و ششم شهریور 1386
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ایجاد رشته های نانومواد و آموزش الکترونیک در دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان رشته های نانو مواد در مقطع دکتری و آموزش الکترونیک در مقطع کارشناسی در دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان ایجاد می شوند.
دکتر "همدانی گلشن" در گفتگو با خبرنگار مهر افزود: دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان برای سال آینده ایجاد رشته های نانو مواد، مهندسی صنایع و ساخت و تولید را در دوره دکتری در دست اجرا دارد. این رشته ها به تصویب دانشگاه رسیده و برای اخذ مجوز به دفتر گسترش آموزش عالی ارائه شده است.
وی اظهار داشت : همچنین دانشگاه در مقطع کارشناسی رشته آموزش الکترونیک در رشته کامپیوتر در نیمه دوم سال جاری اقدام به پذیرش دانشجو می کند.
معاون آموزشی دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان گفت : ایجاد رشته های مهندسی معدن و مکانیک سنگ نیز در دست بررسی است و دانشگاه در زمینه ایجاد رشته های بین رشته ای چون هوا و فضا و علوم دریا برنامه ریزی هایی کرده است.
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ساخت چیپ هایی بر اساس فناوری نانو ؛ 13سال زودتر از پیش بینی های جهانی دانشمندان موفق به طراحی و ساخت چیپ های حافظه ای جدیدی شده اند که در مقایسه با چیپ های دیگر 50 برابر بیشتر ارقام دودویی را در ناحیه ای خاص جای می دهد.
به گزارش خبرگزاری مهر، به گفته دانشمندان این دستاورد جدید گویای آن است که تجهیزات الکترونیکی مولکولی که از مولکول ها و نانوسیم ها استفاده می کنند، می توانند در ساخت آرایه های بزرگ حافظه ای مورد استفاده قرار گیرند.
محققان پیش از این تجهیزات حافظه ای ساده ای را ساخته بودند که از سوییچ های مولکولی استفاده می کنند اما این مدارها تنها شمار کمی از بیت های اطلاعاتی را به یکدیگر متصل می کنند.
محققان در دانشگاه کالیفرنیا اکنون حافظه مولکولی را ساخته اند که حدود 160 هزار تجهیزات حافظه ای را که شامل بیت های اطلاعاتی قوی تری هستند با یکدیگر ترکیب می کنند. به عقیده دانشمندان این دانشگاه، قرار گرفتن متراکم تر بیت های اطلاعاتی در کنار یکدیگر، مزیت اصلی فناوری جدید به کار رفته در طراحی و ساخت این چیپ هاست.
بر اساس گزارش تکنولوژی ریویو، نقشه راه بین المللی فناوری نیمه هادی ها برای سال 2006 پیش بینی کرده بود که چیپ های حافظه ای در هر سانتیمتر مربع 79/1 گیگا بایت گنجایش داشته باشند اما دستاورد جدید دانشمندان رقم 79/1 گیگا بایت را به 100 گیگا بایت خواهد رساند و نکته جالب آن است که بر اساس پیش بینی قبلی این نهاد، امکان نداشته است که تا سال 2020 چنین تحولی صورت گیرد.
این دستاورد جدید بخشی از تلاش رو به رشدی است که در زمینه یافتن جایگزین های نانویی برای طراحی و ساخت تجهیزات الکترونیکی سیلیکنی صورت می گیرد.
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نانو ذرات پلاتین توسط محققان ایرانی تولید شد نانو ذرات پلاتین - رتیم برای استفاده در ساخت نانو کاتالیست ریفورمینگ در پژوهشگاه صنعت نفت ساخته شد.
به گزارش خبرگزاری مهر، مهندس آقا بابایی مسئول پروژه فوق گفت : ریفورمینک کاتالیستی فرآیندی کاملا شناخته شده ای در صنعت پالایش نفت است که برای بهبود کیفیت اکتان بنزین، تهیه اروماتیک ها برای صنایع پتروشیمی و تولید هیدروژن برای مصارف صنعتی مورد استفاده قرار می گیرد.
وی در ادامه افزود : به دلیل استفاده از فلزات گرانبها در ساخت این کاتالیست ها، سازندگان کاتالیست همواره در پی بهبود و ارتقاء فعالیت، گزینش پذیری و طول عمر بالای این کاتالیست ها هستند به همین دلیل ساخت نانوکاتالیست ریفورمنیک اخیرا مورد توجه بسیاری از سازندگان خارجی قرار گرفته است.
آقا بابایی تاکید کرد : از این رو در پی ساخت موفقیت آمیز کاتالیست های دو فلزی توسط مرکز تحقیقات کاتالیست، پژوهشگاه صنعت نفت، ساخت نانوکاتالیست ریفورمینک نیز با استفاده از نانو ذرات پلاتین - رتیم در دستور کار قرار گرفته است.
وی خاطر نشان کرد: ساخت این نانو ذرات با استفاده از روش های میکروامولسیون میسل معکوس و روش حرارتی انجام یافت و نانو ذرات پلاتین، رتیم با استفاده از تکنیک های دستگاهی ASAP و TEM آنالیز شد.
آقا بابایی افزود : نانوذرات سنتز شده با اندازه ذرات مطلوب 5/2 نانومتر، 5/3 نانومتر و پلاتین رتیم با اندازه 5/3 نانومتر و توزیع مناسب اندازه ذرات در مقیاس آزمایشگاهی تولید شد.
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استفاده از ذرات نانو در کشف عوامل بیماری زا در مراحل اولیه
دانشمندان با استفاده از فناوری نانو به شناسایی عوامل بیماری زا در مراحل اولیه خواهند پرداخت.
به گزارش خبرگزاری مهر، دانشمندان انستیتو علوم هند در بنگلور این کشور موفق شده اند که به تکنیک جدیدی در زمینه ایمن سازی فوق العاده حساس دست یابند که براساس آن بیماری های مختلف در نخستین مراحل پیشروی شناسایی شده و بدین ترتیب از گسترش هرچه بیشتر آن جلوگیری خواهد شد.
این تکنیک تاکنون بر روی یک بیمار نیز آزمایش شده است. رئیس سازمان فیزیک و علوم ریاضی این انستیتو گفت: این فناوری در حقیقت دستاوردی بی سابقه و فوق العاده حساس است که می تواند در آینده به شکل گیری تحولی بزرگ در فرآیند شناسایی اولیه بیماری ها منجر شود.
بر اساس گزارش ایندیا اکسپرس، وی افزود : اساس کار در این تکنیک جدید استفاده از نانوذرات در کشف عوامل بیماری زا در مراحل ابتدایی است.
تلاش بعدی این دانشمند و تیم همراهش بررسی این موضوع است که از این تکنیک برای شناسایی اولیه چه بیماری هایی می توان استفاده کرد.
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پژوهشگران نانو تکنولوژي در تحقيقات خود موفق شده اند با استفاده از ارسال ذرات ريز ملکولي در پوششي از ورقه هاي طلا به بافتهاي سرطاني و با استفاده ازايجاد حرارت کنترل شده سلولهاي سرطاني را بدون عوارض جانبي ازبين ببرند.
محققان دانشگاه ميشيگان به سرپرستي دکتر فيلبرت با اضافه کردن ريز ذرات ملکولي بافتهاي بدن به بافتهاي سرطاني و همچنين با دنبال کردن آنها مي توانند سلولهاي آسيب ديده سرطاني را نابود کنند و به اين ترتيب از رشد بيشتر سرطان در بدن جلوگيري مي کنند.
بنابراين گزارش، دانشمندان شاخصي تعيين کرده اند که طي آن از خلاصه اي ازفعاليت هاي فلور سانس شيميايي درون پوششهاي بيولوژيکي به عنوان معيار استفاده مي کنند.
اين ذرات ريز که درون سلولها نفوذ مي کنند اطلاعاتي نظير ميزان محتويات اکسيژن درون سلولها را تعيين مي کنند.به گفته رئيس اين تيم تحقيقاتي دانشمندان ازروي تغييرات رنگ اين واکنش هاي فلورسانس اطلاعات لازم را استخراج مي کنند.
همچنين نوري که دراثر فلورسانس ايجاد مي شود درسلولها باعث انجام تصوير برداري 3 بعدي از سلولها خواهد شد.
به گفته دکتر فيلبرت در نورونهاي عصبي اکسيژن موجود در آن باعث احتراق بيشتر اين واکنش ها شده و تصاوير بهتري ايجاد مي شود.
به گزارش ایونا ، اين ذرات ملکولي که به داخل بدن اضافه مي شوند درون پوشش طلا در ابعاد نانو قرار دارند. پزشکان معتقدند اين ذرات ريز براحتي قادرند با سلولهاي سرطاني مقابله کنند چرا که ورقه هاي نازک طلا حدمعيني از گرما را براي از بين بردن سلولهاي سرطاني ايجاد مي کنند چرا که واکنشهاي مادون قرمز در آنجا صورت مي گيرد.
روش هاي قبلي درمان سرطان که در گذشته انجام مي شد اگر چه با استفاده از حرارت سلولهاي سرطاني را نابود مي کرد ،اما دراين فرآيند سلولهاي سالم ساير بافتها نيز آسيب مي ديد و عوارض جانبي ديگري به دنبال داشت.
در اين روش با استفاده از يک فرکانس شخصي دانشمندان نتايج مطلوبي را در درمان سرطان پروستات در موش هاي آزمايشگاهي به است آورده اند.
يادآور مي شود؛ نتايج کامل اين پژوهش در شماره جديد مجله اختراعات نانوتکنولوژي ملي آمريکا به چاپ رسيده است.
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بهره گیری از فناوری نانو در دنیای پزشکی و درمان بیماری های لاعلاجی همچون سرطان، فرآیند نوپایی است که به واسطه تحقیقات بنیادین دانشمندانی همچون پروفسور ارکی روزلاتی وارد مراحل امیدوار کننده ای همچون از بین بردن قطعی تومورهای سرطانی شده است. عضو ارشد آکادمی ملی علوم در آمریکا به تازگی ایده بدیع موثر بودن استفاده از نانودرمانی در مقایسه با داروهای موجود در فرآیند از بین بردن سلول های سرطانی را در گفتگوی مشروح با خبرگزاری مهر تشریح کرده است.
پروفسور روزالتی در گفتگوی اختصاصی با خبرنگار مهر، ضمن پرداختن به جنبه های بدیع و ناشناخته استفاده از فناوری نانو در غلبه بر بیماری قرن یعنی سرطان گفت: نانو پزشکی طرح جدیدی را در دنیای پزشکی ارایه کرده است و اکنون ما نیز بیکار ننشسته و در قالب طرحی بی سابقه عملکردهای گوناگون ذرات نانویی در از بین بردن سلول های سرطانی را ارایه کرده ایم.
آنچه که پروفسور روزالتی آن را در دنیای مدرن تحقیقات پزشکی بی سابقه عنوان کرده رسیدن به این دستاورد بزرگ است که استفاده از فناوری نانو می تواند تاثیر بیشتر و عملی تری در درمان سرطان نسبت به داروهای موجود داشته باشد.
در تکنیک جدیدی که این پروفسور به آن پرداخته دانشمندان همکار وی با استفاده از کلاس جدیدی از نانو ذرات شیوه نوینی برای از بین بردن تومورهای سرطانی یعنی سکنی گزیدن در آنها ارایه کرده اند.
عضو ارشد آکادمی ملی علوم آمریکا
وی درخصوص ارایه جزئیات بیشتر این دستاورد به خبرنگار مهر گفت: در این تکنیک جدید کلاس جدیدی از نانوذرات در تومورهای سرطانی سکنی گزیده و در ادامه نانوذرات بیشتری را جذب خود کرده تا بدین وسیله نقش قابل توجهی در فرآیند درمان بافت های سرطانی داشته باشند.
نکته قابل توجه تری که عضو آکادمی علوم و هنر آمریکا و تیم همراهش از آزمایشگاه دکتر روزلاتی به آن دست یافته اند خاصیت Self Ampilification در این فرآیند است.
پروفسور روزلاتی به مهر توضیح بیشتری داد و گفت : این بخش مهم در حقیقت قسمت اصلی دستاورد جهانی ماست که طی آن نانوذرات یاد شده پس از ورود به درون سلول های سرطانی و پیدا کردن جایگاهی مناسب در آنها به تقویت حضور خود پرداخته تا بتوانند شمار بیشتری از سلولها را از بین ببرند.
برنده جایزه ویژه 2005 Japan Prize از سوی دولت ژاپن در خصوص تحقیقات ارزشمند بیولوژی سلولی در ادامه گفت: ایده استفاده نوین از فناوری نانو در درمان تومورهای سرطانی حدود 5 سال پیش در ذهن من شکل گرفت و طی این مدت با همکاری و رایزنی تیم تحقیقاتی آزمایشگاه مجهز خود، کار بر روی این پروژه را با امیدهای فراوان آغاز کردیم.
عضو ارشد انستیتو پزشکی آمریکا با اشاره به این موضوع که این پروژه هنوز در مراحل آزمایشگاهی است خاطر نشان کرد: نکته دلگرم کننده برای ما این بوده است که آزمایشات انجام شده بر روی موش ها کاملا موفقیت آمیز بوده است.
رئیس سابق مرکز تحقیقات پزشکی بورنهام در آمریکا تاکید کرد: یکی دیگر از جنبه های مهم کار ما افزایش سطح کیفیت تصویربرداری از تومورهای سرطانی است. ما در این فرآیند توانستیم با انتقال بیشتر عناصر مورد نظر به درون تومورهای سرطانی کیفیت تصاویر را به میزان قابل توجهی افزایش دهیم.
استاد برجسته دانشگاه کالیفرنیا در ادامه گفت: این تکنیک ممکن است برای تمامی انواع تومورهای سرطانی قابل اجرا باشد.
عضو ارشد آکادمی ملی علوم آمریکا در پاسخ به خبرنگار مهر در خصوص پروژه های دیگر وی و همکاران دانشمندش در این زمینه گفت: ما پیش از این نیز بر روی پروژه ذرات کوانتومی کار کردیم و نشان دادیم که می توان از آنها دردرمان سرطان استفاده کرد.
فرایند سکنی گزیدن نانوذرات در تومورهای سرطانی
برنده جایزه ارزشمند Gairdner Prize برنامه آتی خود و تیم همراهش را تقویت خاصیت حضور یکپارچه نانوذرات در تومورهای سرطانی عنوان کرده و گفت در آینده خبرهای خوش تری از ما خواهید شنید.
عضو ارشد آکادمی ملی علوم آمریکا به گسترش فراتر از حد انتظار فناوری نانو در دنیای پزشکی اشاره کرد و با قابل توجه توصیف کردن گسترش این حیطه از فناوری نوپای نانو درآسیا و خاورمیانه گفت: من خبرهای خوبی از آسیا و پیشرفت های صورت گرفته در این زمینه دریافت کرده ام و گرچه در خصوص دانشمندان ایرانی فعال در این زمینه اطلاعات روشنی ندارم اما نسبت به آن امیدوارم. در کشورهایی نظیر سنگاپور تحول این حوزه از فناوری نانو خارج از تصور بوده است.
به گزارش مهر، روزلاتی به دلیل انجام تحقیقات برجسته در دنیای پزشکی مفتخر به دریافت نشان عالی Knight of the Order of the White Rose of Finland از فنلاند شده است. پروفسور روزلاتی ضمن راه اندازی چندین موسسه، مرکز و شرکت فعال در زمینه تحقیقات پزشکی با راه اندازی آزمایشگاه بزرگ دکتر روزلاتی در سانتا باربارای آمریکا خدمات نوینی به دنیای تحقیقات پزشکی و استفاده از فناوری نانو در آن به جهانیان ارایه کرده است.
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8 برابر کردن توان ذخیره سازی چیپ ها با استفاده از تجهیزات نانویی متخصصان شرکت تولید کننده تجهیزات رایانه ای در آمریکا با استفاده از فناوری نانو به دنبال طراحی و ساخت چیپ های حافظه ای با توان 8 برابری ذخیره سازی اطلاعات هستند.
به گزارش خبرگزاری مهر، متخصصان شرکت HP مدعی شده اند که می توانند با استفاده از ذرات نانویی، چیپ های حافظه ای پیچیده را قادر سازند تا با استفاده از انرژی کمتر، محاسبات قابل توجهی انجام دهد.
این چیپ ها دارای آرایه های قابل برنامه ریزی هستند که از آنها در تجهیزات دیجیتالی همچون سویچ های شبکه ای استفاده می شود.
متخصصان آمایشگاه های HP اعلام کردند که ترانزیستورها در چیپ های یاده شده که تحت عنوان نام FPGA تولید خواهند شد، با استفاده از فناوری نانو و تجهیزات سویچینگ نانویی در بسته بندی های فشرده تری روانه بازار شده تا سیستم های دیجیتالی از عملکرد بهتری برخوردار شوند.
بر اساس گزارش itweek، شرکت HP اعلام کرده است که قصد دارد تا پیش از پایان سال 2007 و با استفاده از مدل سازی و تکنیک های شبیه سازی، نمونه های پیش ساخته سیلیکنی این چیپ ها را تولید کند.
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zatan در دوشنبه بیست و ششم شهریور 1386
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با توجه به وجود بازار رقابتي و روبه رشد فناوري ، بخصوص در عرصه نانو ، لازم است عرضه محصولات پتروشيمي هم همگام با فناوري روز انجام شود. در اين ميان ، نانو کامپوزيت هاي پليمري به عنوان يکي از شاخه هاي اين فناوري جديد، اهميت بسياري يافته اند و يکي از شاخه هاي تحقيقاتي فعال به شمار مي آيند. در اين خصوص ، يکي از محققان پژوهشگاه پليمر و پتروشيمي ايران براي نخستين بار در کشور موفق به ساخت نوعي پليمر با خاصيت مغناطيسي شده است. اين نانو کامپوزيت با ساختار ويژه اش مي تواند در صنايع پزشکي از جمله دارورساني هدفمند در سرطان هاي مختلف و هدايت به نقطه مورد نظر، به کار رود و علاوه بر کاستن عوارض جانبي دارو، بر تاثيرگذاري آن هم بيفزايد. اين نانوکامپوزيت هاي مغناطيسي کاربردهاي فراوان ديگري در تمام شاخه ها از زيست فناوري و پزشکي تا صنايع و ميکروالکترونيکي هم دارند.
در مطالعه اي که طي 2 سال گذشته در امريکا صورت گرفت ، نظرات حدود 2000 بزرگسال و کودک ، بررسي و اين نتيجه حاصل شد که هر چند کلمات نانو و فناوري نانو در جامعه علمي بوفور يافت مي شود، اما عموم مردم هنوز نسبت به اين کلمات و معناي آنها ناآگاه هستند. وقتي پرسيده مي شود کوچکترين چيزي که مي توانيد ببينيد، چيست؟ همه به طور قابل توجهي به اشياي ماکروسکوپي اشاره مي کنند و چيزي در محيط اطرافشان را برمي گزينند؛ اما حقيقت آن است که فناوري نانو، واژه اي است کلي که به تمام فناوري هاي پيشرفته در عرصه کار با مقياس نانو اطلاق مي شود. معمولا منظور از مقياس نانو، ابعادي در حدود 1nm تا 100nm است. (يک نانومتر يک ميليارديم متر است). اولين جرقه فناوري نانو سال 1959 زده شد. در اين سال ، ريچارد فاينمن طي يک سخنراني با عنوان فضاي زيادي در سطوح پايين وجود دارد، ايده فناوري نانو را مطرح کرد. وي اين نظريه را ارائه کرد که در آينده اي نزديک مي توانيم ملکول ها و اتمها را به صورت مستقيم دستکاري کنيم. واژه فناوري نانو اولين بار به وسيله نوريوتاينگوچي ، استاد دانشگاه علوم توکيو در سال 1974 بر زبانها جاري شد. او اين واژه را براي توصيف ساخت مواد (وسايل) دقيقي که تلورانس ابعادي آنها در حد نانومتر است ، به کار برد. سال 1986 اين واژه به وسيله کي اريک درکسلر در کتابي با عنوان موتور آفرينش : آغاز دوران فناوري نانو ، بازآفريني و تعريف مجدد شد. وي اين واژه را به شکل عميق تري در رساله دکتري خود مورد بررسي قرار داد و بعدها آن را در کتابي با عنوان نانو سيستم ها ماشين هاي ملکولي ، چگونگي ساخت و محاسبات آنها توسعه داد.
پليمري با خواص آهن ربايي کار روي نانوکامپوزيت هاي پليمري با خصلت مغناطيسي بر خلاف سيالات مغناطيسي (Ferrofluid) که قدمتي طولاني تر دارند، از سال 2000به بعد شدت گرفته است. عمده کارهاي انجام گرفته در اين زمينه به چند کشور محدود مي شود: تيمهاي تحقيقاتي در انستيتوي کلوئيدها و علوم بين سطحي ماکس پلانک آلمان که روشهاي مختلفي براي تهيه اين ترکيبات توسعه داده اند، همچنين در دانشگاه سي چوآن چين علاوه بر توسعه روشهاي جديد توليد، انواع نانوذرات معدني و پليمرهاي مختلفي را براي تهيه اين ترکيبات آزموده اند. گزارش هاي ديگري هم از دانشگاه ها و مراکز تحقيقاتي ديگر مانند اسپانيا، امريکا و... درباره سنتز اين ترکيبات منتشر شده است. به عنوان مثال ، گروهي در دانشگاه کيونگبوک کره جنوبي با استفاده از يک پليمر ويژه به عنوان عامل کنتراست تصاوير ام.آر.آي ، نانوذرات مگنتيت را کپسوله کرده اند.
توليد نانوپليمري صنعتي به گفته مهندس محسن اشجاري ، دانشجوي کارشناسي ارشد مهندسي پليمر در پژوهشگاه پليمر و پتروشيمي ايران ، در اين طرح پژوهشي از کوپليمر استايرن - بوتيل اکريلات استفاده شده است تا بتوان از محصول نانوکامپوزيت نهايي فيلم مغناطيسي با خاصيت ارتجاعي (کشساني) تهيه کرد. همچنين با کنترل شرايط ، واکنش تهيه ذرات نانوکامپوزيت مغناطيسي در مقياس نانو (100-150 نانومتر) با موفقيت صورت گرفته است. اين طرح با راهنمايي دکتر عليرضا مهدويان به مدت يک سال (1384-1385) به طول انجاميد. در نهايت از محصول نانوکامپوزيت ، فيلم ارتجاعي (کشساني) با خاصيت مغناطيسي ، همچنين لاتکس با خاصيت مغناطيسي تهيه شد.اشجاري قسمت اعظم اين طرح را به بررسي خواص مغناطيسي فيلمهاي پليمري تهيه شده معطوف مي داند و مي افزايد: در اينجا به روش پليمريزاسيون ميني امولسيوني بدون استفاده از آغازگر شيميايي ، نانوکامپوزيت هاي هيبريدي با ساختار هسته - پوسته (Core-Shell) تهيه شده است که محصول واکنش به صورت لاتکس قهوه اي پايداري است که در نهايت از آن فيلم مغناطيسي تهيه مي شود. با استفاده از آناليز ميکروسکوپ الکتروني عبوري (TEM) مورفولوژي هسته - پوسته و ابعاد نانومتري ذرات لاتکس تاييد شدند. براي توليد اين ترکيبات از سيستم هاي مخلوط سورفاکتانت ها و پايدارکننده ها استفاده شد تا پايداري فازهاي آلي و آبي فراهم شود. همچنين از الئيک اسيد به عنوان ترکيب اصلاح کننده سطح نانوذرات معدني استفاده شد. براي انجام پليمريزاسيون ميني امولسيوني نيز از امواج التراسونيک (فراصوتي) بهره برده شد.
ظهور نانوپليمرها در تمام صنايع هدف اصلي در اين طرح ، دستيابي به دانش فني تهيه اين ترکيبات بوده است. باتوجه به کسب اين موفقيت ، بسته به نياز و کاربردهاي ويژه مورد تقاضا مي توان انواع مختلفي از اين نانوکامپوزيت ها را تهيه کرد؛ به عنوان مثال در پزشکي و زيست فناوري مي توان از پليمرهاي زيست سازگار براي کپسوله کردن مگنتيت استفاده و سپس داروي مورد نياز را روي اين حاملهاي مغناطيسي بارگذاري کرد و به صورت هدفمند به سايتهاي ويژه اي در بدن موجود زنده فرستاد. خواص ممان مغناطيسي ، تغيير شکل در ميدان مغناطيسي ، اثر ضربه گيري و انتقال حرارت از جمله خواص نانوکامپوزيت ها و لاتکس هاي مغناطيسي تهيه شده با اين روش هستند. کاربردهاي فراواني براي نانوکامپوزيت هاي مغناطيسي از زيست فناوري و پزشکي تا صنايع و ميکروالکترونيک وجود دارد: وسايل نوري مغناطيسي ، درزگيرها ، قطعات الکتريکي انواع حسگرها، عامل وضوح تصوير ام.آر.آي ، سم زدايي از سيالات بيولوژيکي ، جداسازي هاي مغناطيسي ، حاملهاي مغناطيسي براي دارورساني کنترل شده و هدفمند، تنها بخشي از کاربردهاي اين نانوکامپوزيت هاي مغناطيسي هستند.به گفته اشجاري ، اين طرح با حمايت مالي ستاد فناوري نانو وابسته به رياست جمهوري و همچنين پژوهشگاه پليمر و پتروشيمي ايران انجام شده است. وي در پايان مي افزايد: ما در اين طرح موفق به تهيه اين دسته از ترکيبات در مقياس آزمايشگاهي شده ايم ، در حالي که هيچيک از کشورهاي جهان هم تاکنون در مقياس صنعتي اين دسته از ترکيبات را توليد و به بازار عرضه نکرده اند.نتايج اين طرح به صورت 2 مقاله در کنفرانس هاي ملي و بين المللي به چاپ رسيده و نيز 2 مقاله پژوهشي از آن در مجلات معتبر ISI پذيرفته شده است.
ايران در راه نانو ايران در پايان سال 2006 ، با چاپ 250 مقاله علمي در حوزه فناوري نانو در مجلات معتبر ISI با 100درصد رشد و 4پله صعود نسبت به سال 2005به رتبه سي و دوم ميان کشورهاي جهان دست يافت. براساس آمار موسسه اطلاعات علمي (ISI) ، کشور ما با افزايش مقالات خود از 125 مقاله در سال 2005 به 250مورد در سال 2006 توانسته است با پشت سر گذاشتن ترکيه (با 245 مقاله) به رتبه سي و دوم جهان و رتبه اول جهان اسلام دست يابد؛ همچنين با افزايش کيفيت مقالات خود در سال 2005 توانسته است از نظر تعداد ارجاعات ، جايگاه نخست ميان کشورهاي اسلامي و رتبه 22 جهان را کسب کند. گفتني است براساس راهبرد 10 ساله توسعه فناوري نانو در جمهوري اسلامي ايران که مرداد ماه سال گذشته با عنوان راهبرد آينده به تصويب هيات وزيران رسيده است ، ايران بايد تا سال 1393 جزو 15 کشور اول دنيا در فناوري نانو باشد.
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zatan در دوشنبه بیست و ششم شهریور 1386
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رشد 100 درصدی مقالات نانوتکنولوژی در ایران / آمریکا، چین و ژاپن در صدر تولید مقالات نانو جمهوری اسلامی ایران در پایان سال 2006 با چاپ 250 مقاله علمی در حوزه فناوری نانو در مجلات معتبر ISI با 100 درصد رشد به رتبه 32 در میان کشورهای جهان رسید.
به گزارش خبرگزاری مهر، مطابق بررسی های گروه تحلیل و پیمایش ستاد ویژه توسعه فناوری نانو، آمریکا، چین، ژاپن، آلمان و فرانسه به ترتیب در جایگاه های اول تا پنجم این رده بندی قرار دارند که در مقایسه با سال گذشته تمامی این کشورها جایگاه خود را حفظ کرده و تغییری در میان پنج کشور اول رخ نداده است.
ایران با افزایش مقالات خود از مقاله 125 در سال 2005 به 250 مورد در سال 2006 توانسته است با پشت سر گذاشتن ترکیه (245 مقاله) به رتبه 32 جهان و رتبه اول جهان اسلام دست یابد.
مطابق بررسی های این گروه، ایران با افزایش کیفیت مقالات خود در سال 2005 توانسته بود از نظر تعداد ارجاعات، جایگاه نخست در میان کشورهای اسلامی و رتبه 22 جهان را کسب کند.
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zatan در دوشنبه بیست و ششم شهریور 1386
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تکنیک استفاده از فناوری نانو برای از بین بردن چروک های پوستی ارایه شد
انجام تحقیقات موفقیت آمیز در زمینه استفاده از فناوری نانو در کمک به جلوگیری از ایجاد چروک و تاخوردن در فیلم های پلیمری می تواند راه را برای استفاده از فرآیندی مشابه در زمینه جلوگیری از ایجاد چروک های پوستی در انسان هموار سازد.
به گزارش خبرگزاری مهر، مطالعات گسترده صورت گرفته از سوی ایلسون لی از دپارتمان علوم مواد و مهندسی شیمیایی دانشگاه میشیگان برای نخستین بار در جهان نشان داد که چگونه ترکیب نانو ذرات در فیلم های پلیمری می تواند به جلوگیری از شکل گیری چروک و تاشدن آنها منجر شود. استفاده از این ترکیب موجب افزایش خاصیت انعطاف پذیری فیلم های پلیمری می شود.
در همین حال ایلسون معتقد است که از چنین فرآیندی می توان در جلوگیری از ایجاد چین و چروک های پوستی در انسان نیز استفاده کرد.
این مطالعه از سوی بنگاه توسعه اقتصادی میشیگان مورد حمایت مالی قرار گرفته و جزئیات آن در شماره اخیر نشریه معتبر علمی جامعه نانوی شیمی آمریکا به چاپ رسیده است. این دانشمند معتقد است که فرآیند کشف شده و تاثیر آن در فیل های پلیمری می تواند به ایجاد تحولی بی سابقه در صنعت آرایش جهان منجر شود.
این فرآیند شامل تولید ریخت شکل های چسبیده به هم با استفاده از فشردن گرمایی یا مکانیکی یک پلی لایه پوشیده به وسیله فیلم های چند لایه پلی الکترولیت است.
بر اساس گزارش کازمتیک دیزاین، این دانشمند معتقد است که با استفاده از این اصل کلی در فرآیند آرایش، این فناوری می تواند به کاشت فیلم های ویژه در مناطق مختلف پوستی مستعد به چروکیده شدن به ویژه دور چشم ها و پیشانی منجر شده و چین و چروک پوستی را از بین برد
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zatan در دوشنبه بیست و ششم شهریور 1386
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Abstract: Self excitation is a mechanism which is ubiquitous for electromechanical power devices such as electrical generators. This is conventionally achieved by making use of the magnetic field component in electrical generators [1], where a good example are the overall visible wind farm turbines [2]. In other words, a static force, like wind acting on the rotor blades, can generate a resonant excitation at a certain mechanical frequency. For nanomechanical systems [3,4,5] such a self excitation (SE) mechanism is highly desirable as well, since it can generate mechanical oscillations at radio frequencies by simply applying a DC bias voltage. This is of great importance for low-power signal communication devices and detectors, as well as for mechanical computing elements. For a particular nanomechanical system - the single electron shuttle - this effect was predicted some time ago by Gorelik et al. [6]. Here, we use a nano-electromechanical single electron transistor (NEMSET) to demonstrate self excitation for both the soft and hard regime, respectively. The ability to use self excitation in nanomechanical systems may enable the detection of quantum mechanical backaction effects [7] in direct tunneling, macroscopic quantum tunneling [8], and rectification [9]. All these effects have so far been over shadowed by the large driving voltages, which had to be applied.
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zatan در یکشنبه بیست و پنجم شهریور 1386
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براي اولين بار در كشور؛ يك شركت داخلي همزمان با بازارهاي جهاني، پوشاك مردانه ضد لك با فناوري نانو را توليد و به بازار كشور عرضه كرد.
به گزارش خبرنگار موج، محسن اصفهانيان مديرعامل واحد توليدي پوشاك با تكنولوژي نانو، با اعلام اين خبر افزود: در راستاي ارتقاي سطح كيفي و نزديك شدن به استانداردهاي روز دنيا، شركت گراد موفق به توليد پوشاك با خواص ضدلك، ضدآب، ضد حساسيت، ضد تعريق و آنتي باكتريال شد. وي با اشاره به اينكه الياف به كار رفته در اين نوع پوشاك، از طبيعت نشأت مي گيرد، اظهار داشت: فناوري توليد پوشاك نانو، خدمت بزرگي براي محيط زيست كشور است چراكه در شستشوي اين پوشاك مصرف سرانه آب و پودرهاي شوينده كاهش مي يابد و اين مسئله افزايش عمر پوشاك را نيز به همراه دارد. اصفهانيان مهمترين هدف از توليد اين محصول را استفاده از آخرين تكنولوژي روز دنيا دانست و تصريح كرد: دسترسي به اين فناوري فقط با يك سري تغييرات اساسي در سايز و ساختار مولكولهاي مربوطه صورت گرفته است و اين مسئله در آينده اي نزديك، تحول عظيمي را در صنعت نساجي دنيا ايجاد خواهد كرد تا از اين طريق افراد جامعه با توجه به معيارهاي انتخاب خود از مزاياي اين نوع پوشاك بهره مند شوند. وي در پايان و در خصوص قيمت پوشاك نانو خاطرنشان كرد: قيمت پوشاك نانو فقط 20 درصد گران تر از پوشاك معمولي فروشگاه هاي گراد است و با توجه به برنامه هاي ظرفيت توليد، عرضه اين محصولات نيز در آينده نزديك افزايش و قيمت آن كاهش خواهد يافت.
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zatan در یکشنبه بیست و پنجم شهریور 1386
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دوغاب سیمان فوق سبک با فناوری نانو توسط محققان ایرانی طراحی شد
طراحی دوغاب سیمان فوق سبک با استفاده از فناوری نانوتکنولوژی توسط محققان پژوهشگاه صنعت نفت برای اولین بار با موفقیت انجام شد.
به گزارش خبرگزاری مهر، مهندس حمید سلطانیان مسئول پروژه فوق در این خصوص گفت: طبق تحقیقات به عمل آمده طراحی دوغاب سیمان با استفاده از تکنولوژی نانو با فرمولاسیون ابداعی پژوهشگاه هیچگونه سابقه در دنیا ندارد.
وی در ادامه افزود: در چنین دوغابی ضمن بهسازی خواص رئولوژیکی در سیمانکاری پشت لوله های جداری چاه، افزایش قابل توجه مقاومت تراکمی سنگ سیمان نیز حاصل می شود و با تنظیم اندازه ذرات جامد، ضمن افزایش سطح ویژه دانه ها، چگالی مخلوط کمتر شده و برای طراحی سیمانهای فوق سبک و با نرخ فشار پایین بسیار ایده آل خواهد بود.
سلطانیان خاطر نشان کرد: نانو افزودنی ها خواص ویژه ای نظیر پایداری، کیفیت به سیمان جاه نفت بخشیده و در حفاری چاههای عمیق وبسیار عمیق و در مکانهای بسیار سرد خواص مطلوبی از جمله تراکم پذیری اولیه و زمان بندش مناسب به سیمان می دهد و انتظار برای حفاری مجدد کمتر شده و عملیات با سرعت بیشتری ادامه می یابد.
وی تصریح کرد: علاوه بر موارد فوق افزایش مقاومت تراکمی و کاهش تخلخل و تراوایی و نهایتاً کنترل و مهار مهاجرت گاز و سیال از درون ستون سیمان از مزایای دیگر استفاده از نانو ذرات در طراحی دوغاب سیمان است.
سلطانیان افزود: سبک ترین دوغابی که در پژوهشگاه صنعت نفت در مرکز مطالعات اکتشاف و تولید واحد پژوهش حفاری با استفاده از نانو تکنولوژی فوق طراحی شده است 4/62 پوند بر فوت مکعب بوده که در دمای 190 درجه فارنهایت دارای مقاومت تراکمی 24 ساعته حداقل psi 2000، تخلخل 36 درصد، نفوذپذیری 1% میلی دارسی، آب آزاد صفر و زمان انتظار برای رسیدن به حداقل تراکمی psi 500 جهت شروع مجدد عملیات حفاری حداکثر 8 ساعت است.
مسئول پروژه یادآور شد: تستهای آزمایشگاهی این پروژه با موفقیت کامل به اتمام رسیده و آماده بکارگیری آن در مناطق عملیاتی می باشد و در حال حاضر تست میدانی آن در یکی از چاههای منطقه مارون برای سیمانکاری لوله لاینر 7 اینچ به مرحله اجرا در آمده است.
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zatan در یکشنبه بیست و پنجم شهریور 1386
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"آي.بي.ام" دو دستاورد علمي بزرگ در زمينه نانو فناوري اعلام كرد كه ميتوانند به ذخيره ۳۰هزار فيلم در وسيلهاي به كوچكي يك آيپاد، بيانجامد.
به گزارش خبرگزاري يونايتدپرس از آرمونك، محققان هفته گذشته گفتند اين موفقيتها دانشمندان را قادر ميسازد تا در زمينه ساختمان ساختارها و وسايلي تركيباتي فوقالعاده ريزي به كوچكي چند اتم يا مولكول، تحقيقات بيشتري انجام دهند.
در گزارش اول، دانشمندان "مركز تحقيق آلمادن آي.بي.ام" در "سن خوزه" در كاليفرنيا پيشرفتهاي عمدهاي را در تشخيص يك ويژگي به نام "آنيزوتروپي مغناطيسي" توصيف كردند. اين ويژگي، توانايي يك اتم را براي ذخيره اطلاعات تعيين ميكند.
در گزارش دوم، محققان آي.بي.ام در زوريخ در زمينه خلق اولين سوييچ تك مولكولي توضيح دادند كه ميتواند بدون ايجاد اخلال در چارچوب خارجي مولكول، آن را به فعاليت وادارد.
گفته ميشود كه اين پيشرفتها گام بزرگي در جهت ساخت عناصر رايانهاي در مقياس مولكولي است -- تراشههايي به اندازه يك ذره گرد و غبار كه هر كدام از آنها ميتوانند نيروي مورد نياز يك ابر رايانه را تامين كنند.
جزئيات هر دو اين مطالعات در مجله "ساينس" منتشر شده است.
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zatan در یکشنبه بیست و پنجم شهریور 1386
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دانشمندان هندی قصد دارند در مورد ایجاد "شهر نانویی" به تحقیق و بررسی بپردازند.
به گزارش خبرگزاری مهر، برای نخستین بار در تاریخ هند قرار است که کنوانسیونی در حوزه فناوری نانو در دسامبر سال 2007 سازمان دهی و طی آن موضوع جدید و بی سابقه "شهر نانویی" به تفصیل بررسی شود.
بر اساس گزارش "نیوز ترک ایندیا" قرار است که در این نشست به موضوع طراحی و راه اندازی "نانو پارک" به عنوان یکی از اهداف مهم عرصه فناوری نانوی هند پرداخته شود.
هند طی سالهای اخیر نگاه ویژه ای به فناوری نانو و استفاده از آن در عرصه هایی نظیر سلامت، صنایع شیمی، الکترونیک، هوافضا و دفاع و همچنین عرصه های هسته ای داشته است.
با توجه به رشد جهشی جهان در عرصه فناوری نانو، دولت هند با راه اندازی پروژه هایی از این دست قصد دارد تا از رقبای اروپایی، آسیایی و آمریکایی خود پیشی گیرد.
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zatan در یکشنبه بیست و پنجم شهریور 1386
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While researching the unique electrical properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), researchers have demonstrated the nanotubes’ ability to capture and store one electron per 32 carbon atoms in a SWCNT. The stored electrons can be readily discharged on demand with the addition of an electron-accepting dye, significantly increasing the photocurrent and photoconductivity of electrical systems.
University of Notre Dame scientists Anusorn Kongkanand and Prashant Kamat monitored the transfer of electrons from semiconductor particles to SWCNTs as the composite system strained to achieve charge equilibrium. The study, published in ACS Nano, will be useful for the design of nanotubes as a way to direct the flow charge and boost photoelectrochemical performance for applications including electronic devices and solar cells.
“Although the electron storage property of carbon nanotubes is well known, there is no convenient or simple way to make a quantitative estimate of storage capacity,” Kamat told PhysOrg.com. “Our study provides a quantitative measure of the number of electrons stored in carbon nanotubes and its ability to discharge them on demand. In addition, one can use the information to estimate the Fermi level of the semiconductor-carbon nanotube composite—an important parameter in evaluating the performance of SWCNT devices for electronic and photovoltaic applications.”
When excited by a UV laser, titanium dioxide nanoparticles undergo charge separation, where some of the semiconductor’s electrons get trapped—an estimated 3,770 electrons per 12-nm-long nanoparticle. Electrons trapped in the titanium dioxide displayed a blue coloration (a 650-nm absorption band).
But when the researchers introduced SWCNTs to the titanium dioxide particles, the blue color decreased. Because SWCNTs don’t have any detectable absorption in the visible range, this lack of color meant that some of the electrons trapped in the titanium dioxide were transferred to the SWCNTs.
“The transfer of electrons represents charge equilibration between the two semiconductor systems having different Fermi levels,” the scientists explained. “At a concentration of 100 mg/L SWCNT, we observe complete disappearance of the 650 nm absorption band, thus indicating complete transfer of electrons to SWCNT.”
Complete transfer consisted of 1 electron per 32 atoms of carbon atoms (building blocks of the SWCNTs), and occurred in just 10 nanoseconds. Such a high electron capacity turned the SWCNTs into supercapacitors, which can be useful in electronics applications.
“Boosting the electron storage in a tiny volume occupied by carbon nanotubes should be attractive for miniaturizing storage batteries,” Kamat said. “The electron transfer from semiconductor to the carbon nanotubes continues until the Fermi energies of the two match or equilibrate. Therefore, the estimate of the 32 electrons per carbon atom is limited by the energetics of the photoirradiated titanium dioxide system.
“By selecting another semiconductor particle with a more negative conduction band than that of TiO2 (in other words using a more energetically favorable semiconductor) or alternate charging methods (such as electrical or electrochemical charging), it should be possible to store more electrons,” Kamat explained. “The higher the energy level of the semiconductor, the greater the number of electrons transferred.”
Then to discharge the electrons, the researchers added thionine, a dye that acts as an electron acceptor. Electrons from the SWCNTs transferred to the thionine, which has a reduction potential that is more positive than the SWCNTs, causing charge equilibration to drive the electrons out of the nanotubes.
“The ability of SWCNTs to accept electrons and transfer them to a suitable electron acceptor highlights the mediating role of these nanotubes in a charge transfer process,” the researchers concluded. “This electron-charging and -discharging property of SWCNT will play an important role in improving the performance of light energy harvesting applications.”
Citation: Kongkanand, Anusorn, and Kamat, Prashant V. “Electron Storage in Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes. Fermi Level Equilibration in Semiconductor-SWCNT Suspensions.” ACS Nano, Vol. 1, No.1, 13-21, 2007.
Copyright 2007 PhysOrg.com. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed in whole or part without the express written permission of PhysOrg.com.
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zatan در یکشنبه بیست و پنجم شهریور 1386
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اتحادیه اروپا رهبر جهانی فناوری نانو آمارها نشان می دهند اتحادیه اروپا پیشروترین جامعه جهانی در عرصه توسعه فناوری نانو است.
به گزارش خبرگزاری مهر، بر اساس تازه ترین آمارهای ثبت شده، اتحادیه اروپا بالغ بر 4/1 میلیارد یورو به 550 پروژه مربوط به فناوری نانو اختصاص داده است.
به گفته کمیسر علوم و تحقیقات اتحادیه اروپا، فناوری نانو عرصه ای است که در آن اروپا به عنوان یک رهبر جهانی شناخته شده است.
بر اساس newelectronics ، بودجه هنگفت 4/1 میلیارد یورویی یاد شده به پروژه های فناوری نانو اروپا به عنوان بخشی از ششمین برنامه چهارچوب تحقیقاتی اتحادیه اروپا اختصاص یافته است.
پیش بینی شده است که بر اساس هفتمین برنامه چهارچوب تحقیقاتی اتحادیه اروپا، این سرمایه گذاری افزایش هنگفتی یافته و حتی دو برابر شود.
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zatan در شنبه بیست و چهارم شهریور 1386
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مهر: محققان امريکايي فناوري جديدي را براي نشان دار کردن پروتئين ها به روشي موثرتر از روشهاي رايج ، يافته اند. دانشمندان دانشکده پزشکي هاروارد دانشگاه نيويورک در اين تکنيک از نقاط کوانتومي استفاده کرده اند. نقاط کوانتومي ، ريزساختارهايي هستند که نور را گسيل مي کنند و محققان با استفاده از اين سيگنال هاي درخشان به عنوان نشان گذارهاي بيولوژيکي ، نوعي پروتئين در سلول هاي زنده را رديابي مي کنند. امتيازات تکنيک ياد شده اين است که اولا نقاط کوانتومي نسبت به مولکول هاي فلورسنت فعلي ، نور بيشتري ساطع مي کنند و ثانيا پيوندهاي کوالانسي که نقاط کوانتومي از آنها براي ساطع کردن سيگنال ها استفاده مي کنند، از ثبات بيشتري برخوردار بوده و رديابي پروتئين ها را آسان تر مي کنند.
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zatan در شنبه بیست و چهارم شهریور 1386
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عناصر راديواكتيو ( (radionuclidesعوامل ضد سرطان خوبي هستند، اما اين عناصر همان گونه كه سلولهاي سرطاني را از بين ميبرند، موجب از ميان رفتن سلولهاي سالم نيز ميشوند.
بهگزارش پايگاه اينترنتي نانو، دانشمندان براي رفع اين محدوديت تلاشهاي خود را بر روي انتقال عناصر راديواكتيو در قالب نانو ذرات به محل هدفشان متمركز كردهاند، چرا كه اين گونه از ذرات قابليت هدايت شدن بهسوي تومورها را دارند.
پژوهش "لون ويلسون" و همكارانش در دانشگاه ,Riceنشان ميدهد كه نانو لولههاي كربني بسيار كوتاه، ميتوانند ذرات آلفاي عنصر آستاتين ( (At212را با نيمه عمري برابر ۷.۲ساعت، به خود جذب كنند.
در اين پژوهش كه مقاله آن در نشريه علمي " "Smallمنتشر شده است، نانو لولههاي كربني بسيار كوتاهي با ۲۰تا ۵۰نانومتر طول و يك نانومتر قطر به كار رفته است. زيرا نانو لولههاي با اين ابعاد، ويژگيهاي فيزيكي مهمي دارند كه امكان بكارگيري آنها را در درمان سرطان فراهم ميآورد.
انعطاف پذيري سطح اين نانولولههاي كربني موجب سازگاري آنها با بافت زنده، فراهم شدن جايگاههاي اتصال براي محلهاي هدف ونچسبيدن آنهابه يكديگر ميشود.
اين نانولولهها همچنين به راحتي از غشاي سلولي عبور كرده و به سرعت در داخل سلولها تجمع ميكنند.
به علاوه اين نانولولهها توان زيادي براي نگهداري مولكولهاي جذب شده در خود دارند، به گونهاي كه طبق آزمايشها ۹۳درصد از (At212)اي را كه جذب كردهاند، هنگام قرار گرفتن در معرض سرم انساني و شرايط فيزيولوژيك حفظ خواهند كرد.
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zatan در شنبه بیست و چهارم شهریور 1386
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نماينده تامالاختيار شبكه آزمايشگاهي نانو گفت: ۸۰محقق و پژوهشگر در پژوهشگاه صنعت نفت در زمينه فناوري نانو فعاليت ميكنند و نيازهاي مربوط به اين صنعت را مرتفع ميسازند.
" دكترصديقه صادق حسني " روز چهارشنبه در گفت و گو با خبرنگار ايرنا پژوهشگاه صنعت نفت را تنها مركز فعال در زمينه فناوري نانو ذكر كرد و اظهار داشت: اين پژوهشگاه تاكنون توانسته در زمينه فناوري نانو ۲۴طرح را اجرا و ۹طرح جديد را ارايه دهد.
وي گفت: در حال حاضر اين پژوهشگاه لولههاي كربني تا هشت كيلو گرم در روز توليد ميكند و پيش بيني ميشود بتواند توليد آن را تا ۲۰كيلو گرم در روز افزايش دهد.
وي همچنين اضافه كرد: پژوهشگاه صنعت نفت در زمينه ذخيرهسازي هيدروژن و پيل سوختي، نانو ذرات اكسيد آهن، مشتقات اتري فلون در بنزين و استفاده از نانو كاتاليستها در فرآيندهاي شيميايي موفقيتهاي چشمگيري به دست آورده است.
وي بررسي اولويتهاي تحقيقاتي نانو، ارزيابي و تصويب پروژههاي نانو، انجام پروژههاي پژوهشي درارتباط با نانو و برگزاري دورههاي آموزشي را از ديگر فعاليتهاي پژوهشگاه در زمينه نانو تكنولوژي برشمرد.
صادق حسني با اشاره به عضويت پژوهشگاه صنعت نفت در ستاد ويژه توسعه فناوري نانو اظهار داشت: يكي از اهداف اين ستاد، يكپارچهسازي دستگاههاي مرتبط با نانو به صورت شبكه آزمايشگاهي منسجم است.
وي تصريح كرد: با هماهنگي اين دستگاهها متقاضيان به راحتي ميتوانند دستگاههاي مورد نياز خود را شناسايي كنند و آن را جهت آزمايش نمونههاي آزمايشگاهي به كار برند.
وي ايجاد فضايي سالم رقابتي ميان آزمايشگاهها به منظور ارايه خدمات آزمايشگاهي بهتر به پژوهشگران و صنايع كشور را از ديگر اهداف ستاد ويژه فناوري نانو ذكر كرد.
وي با اشاره به عضويت پژوهشگاه صنعت نفت در شبكه آزمايشگاهي فناوري نانو اظهار داشت: اين پژوهشگاه در چهارمين دوره ارزيابي اين شبكه مقام اول را به دست آورد.
وي بيان كرد: تمامي دستگاههاي مرتبط با نانو بايد به عضويت شبكه آزمايشگاهي نانو درآيند و عملكرد دستگاهها را به موقع ثبت كنند كه اين امر بر عهده ستاد ويژه توسعه فناوري نانو است.
صادق حسني گفت: دستگاههاي جديد و تازه خريداري شده نيز بايد از طريق مقالات علمي به شبكه فناوري نانو معرفي گردد.
صادق حسني خاطر نشان كرد: در حال حاضر ۴۴دستگاه در شبكه آزمايشگاهي نانو عضويت دارند و تلاش ميشود اين تعداد به ۶۰دستگاه افزايش يابد.
وي در پايان ابراز اميدواري كرد: تا پايان چشمانداز ۲۰ساله، ايران اين توان را پيدا كند كه به بالاترين قلههاي ترقي در زمينه نانو تكنولوژي در سطح منطقه دست يابد.
به گفتهوي در حال حاضر ۳۹آزمايشگاه و مجموعه آزمايشگاهي از ۱۰استان و ۱۲شهر مهم كشور در شبكه آزمايشگاهي فناوري نانو عضويت دارند.
فناوري نانو يا نانو تكنولوژي رشتهاي از دانش كاربردي است كه علوم گستردهاي را پوشش ميدهد و به تمام فناوريهاي پيشرفته در عرصه كار با مقياس نانو اطلاق ميشود.
عبارت " فناوري نانو " اولين بار توسط " كي اريك دركسلر" در سال ۱۹۸۶ در كتاب وي به نام " موتورهاي آفرينش " مورد استفاده قرار گرفت.
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zatan در شنبه بیست و چهارم شهریور 1386
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گروه صنعتي ايران خودرو در تلاشي تازه با هدف بهره گيري از نانو تكنولوژي در طراحي و توليد محصولات خود در سال آينده رقمي حدود 870ميليارد ريال را به اين امر اختصاص مي دهد.
به گزارش باشگاه خبرنگاران، به نقل از روابط عمومي گروه صنعتي ايران خودرو، ايران خودرو به عنوان يك رويكرد ، فعاليت هاي خود را براي استفاده از فناوري نوين نانو تكنولوژي منسجم كرده و همكاري دامنه داري را با مراكز تحقيقاتي در دستور كار خود قرار داده است .
گروه صنعتي ايران خودرو با ارزيابي از مزيت هاي استفاده از اين تكنولوژي جديد در صنعت خودروسازي وصنايع جانبي از جمله قطعه سازي روند همكاري با مراكز تحقيقاتي و دانشگاهي داخلي و خارجي را به عنوان يك اولويت در برنامه هاي خود مد نظر قرار داده است .
اين در حاليست كه در مركز تحقيقات ايران خودرو گروهي از كارشناسان سرگرم بررسي در مورد چگونگي استفاده از نانو تكنولوژي در بخش هاي مختلف صنعت خودروسازي هستند تا بتوانند از مزاياي اين فناوري نوين بهره گيري بيشتري كند بر اساس اين گزارش ، مديريت ارشد گروه صنعتي ايران خودرو با توجه به تلاش همه جانبه ايران خودرو براي حضور دربازارهاي رقابتي جهان ، اهميت ويژه اي را براي فراهم كردن بسترهاي مناسب در بكارگيري از نانو تكنولوژي قائل شده است .
يادآوري مي شود گروه صنعتي ايران خودرو در همايش فن بازار كار فناوري نانو در صنعت خودروسازي كه در دانشگاه صنايع و معادن برگزار شد اهداف و برنامه هاي خود را در بكارگيري فناوري هاي نوين از جمله نانو تكنولوژي به اطلاع كارشناسان علمي شركت كننده در اين همايش رساند و اين درحالي بود كه گروهي از محققان آمادگي خود را براي همكاري با ايران خودرو ابراز داشتند.
اين همايش با مشاركت ستاد ويژه توسعه فناوري نانو رياست جمهوري و تعدادي از موسسات علمي در محل دانشگاه صنايع و معادن برگزار شد.
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zatan در شنبه بیست و چهارم شهریور 1386
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تهران-خبرگزاری ایسکانیوز: محققان دانشگاه پرینستون با به کار گیزی شیوه ای جدید دریافته اند که شکافتن پوسته پلیمری به دو لایه ،ذرات نانو نوری را به صورت مشبک در می آورد .
به گزارش روز پنج شنبه گروه علمی باشگاه خبرنگاران دانشجویی ایران« ایسکانیوز» تا به حال کمتر از تخریب و شکستن ماده ای برای سود مند کردن آن فکر استفاده شده است . ولی اینبار محققان دانشگاه پرینستون دریافته اند که شکافتن پوسته پلیمری به دو لایه میتواند در ساخت ترکیبات نانو برای تجهیزات نوری مفید باشد. آنهادر باره روش کار خود اینچنین گفته اند: شیوه چند لایه ای یک غشاء نازک و شکننده پلیمر بین دو قطعه پلیمری ، خم کردن قطعات مجزای سیلیکونی برای مشبک کردن ذرات نانو یا قرار دادن تناوبی خطوط که برای تجهیزات نوری استفاد می شوند. استفان چو استاد الکترونیک دانشگاه پرینستون در این زمینه می گوید: این کار یک شیوه کم هزینه برای ساخت شبکه های باکیفیت بالاست;که برای سنسور های زیستی (بیو سنسورها) و DVD ها مفید است.
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zatan در شنبه بیست و چهارم شهریور 1386
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رئيس پژوهشكده فناوري نانو كشور گفت: هماكنون فعاليت پژوهشكده نانو در توسعه علم پزشكي كشورمتمركز شده، چون اين حوزه به سلامت جامعه مربوط ميشود و از حساسيت ويژهاي برخوردار است.
به گزارش ايرنا، پروفسور"هاشم رفيعتبار" روز چهارشنبه در حاشيه برگزاري دومين "همايش دانشجويي فناوري نانو " در كاشان در گفت و گو با خبرنگاران افزود: تمركز فناوري نانو در حوزه پزشكي روي داروهاي هوشمند است.
وي افزود: اين داروها بدون اثر جانبي به هدفهاي خاص اصابت ميكند علاوه بر اينكه فناوري نانو روي حس گرها نيز متمركز است تا اين حسگرها بتوانند بيماريها را زود تشخيص و اطلاع دهد.
رئيس انجمن نانو پزشكي دانشگاه شهيد بهشتي تهران افزود: در اين گونه موارد تشخيص بيماري سرطان مد نظر است.
پروفسور رفيع تبار يادآور شد:تشخيص بهموقع سرطان توسط حسگرها باعث ميشود تا سالانه چند ميليون نفر از مرگ حتمي نجات پيدا كنند.
چهره ماندگار نانو كشور در سال گذشته،خاطرنشان كرد:به وسيله نانو ميتوان سلولهاي سرطاني را شناسايي كرد و با ماركگذاري آنها بدون آنكه هيچ گونه اثر جانبي براي سلولهاي ديگر داشته باشد،اين سلولهاي مخرب را از بين برد.
وي گفت: اگر در زمينههاي"رسانش به موقع دارو" و"تشخيص به موقع بيماريها" بتوانيم محصولاتي قابلاستفاده كلينيكي و باليني ارايه دهيم،به اقتصاد كشور خيلي كمك كردهايم.
رئيس پژوهشكده فناوري نانو همچنين اعلام كرد: وزارت نفت نيز درصدد است به جاي آنكه دامنه حوزههاي اكتشاف خود را زياد كند، به وسيله فناوري نانو از نفت استخراج شده، مواد و مشتقات جديدي مانند پليمرها و لاستيكهاي جديد به دست آورند.
وي تاكيد كرد: اگر ما به اين مهم دست يابيم، نه تنها در خاورميانه بلكه از بسياري از كشورهاي جهان نيز جلوتر خواهيم بود.
پروفسور رفيع تبار ابراز اطمينان كرد كه نه تنها فناوري نانو بلكه ساير فناوريهاي نوين ديگر مانند بيوتكنولوژي و تكنولوژي اطلاعات نيز جايگزين صنايع سنتي خواهد شد.
وي بر ضرورت سرمايهگذاري در بخش فناوري نانو تاكيد كرد و افزود: چون در آينده نهچندان دور استفاده از مواد فسيلي نفت و گازاز رده خارج خواهد شد، سرمايهگذاري در عرصه فناوري نانو ضروري است.
دومين همايش دانشجويي فناوري نانو از چهاردهم شهريور در دانشگاه كاشان آغاز شد و به مدت سه روز ادامه دارد.
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zatan در شنبه بیست و چهارم شهریور 1386
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مدير گروه توسعه منابع انساني ستاد ويژه فناوري نانو رياست جمهوري گفت: هماكنون سه دانشگاه و موسسه در حوزه فناوري نانو دانشجوي دكترا تربيت مي كند.
دكتر"سعيد سركار"روز چهارشنبه در دومين"همايش دانشجويي فناوري نانو" در دانشگاه كاشان افزود:در هشت دانشگاه كشور نيز دانشجوي رشته كارشناسي ارشد در حوزه فناوري نانو تحصيل ميكنند.
وي رتبه ايران درحوزه فناوري نانو در سال ۸۲را در بين كشورهاي جهان شصت و چهارم اعلام كرد و افزود: اين رتبه سال گذشته به رتبه سيودوم رسيد.
وي يادآور شد: در اين عرصه ، چهار سال پيش جمهوري اسلامي ايران در بين كشورهاي اسلامي بعد از تركيه، مصر، مالزي، تونس و مراكش رتبه ششم را داشت كه سال گذشته توانست رتبه نخست را به خود اختصاص دهد.
رئيس پژوهشكده فناوري نانو كشور نيز در اين همايش گفت: در ۱۰سال آينده درآمد نانو در كشورهاي جهان، سالانه به يكهزار ميليارد دلار خواهد رسيد.
پرفسور "هاشم رفيعتبار"افزود: با توجه به اينكه ايران يك درصد از جمعيت جهان را دارد، بايد بتواند يك درصد از اين درآمد را نصيب خود كند.
چهره ماندگار نانو كشور در سال گذشته تصريح كرد:اگر بتوانيم يك درصد از بازار بسيار بزرگ نانو در سطح جهان را بهدست بگيريم، قادريم ۳۰۰هزار شغل بسيار پيشرفته و دانش محور در كشور ايجاد كنيم.
بهگزارش ايرنا،دبير دومين همايش دانشجويي فناوري نانو، هم در اين همايش، هدف از برگزاري اين نشست را همافزايياطلاعاتي پايان نامههاي كارشناسي ارشد و دكتراي فناوري نانو، آشنايي محققان با تحقيقات انجام شده در زمينه نانو و افزايش سطح تحقيقات در زمينه فناوري نانو عنوان كرد.
دكتر"محمد الماسي"افزود: ۴۳۰مقاله به دبيرخانه اين همايش رسيده كه با انتخاب داوران، ۳۰۶مقاله براي ارايه در اين همايش پذيرفته شده است.
وي تصريح كرد:اين مقالهها در زمينه نانو كامپوزيت و نانو حفره، نانو محاسباتي ، نانو ذره، نانو پودر و نانو بلور است.
وي افزود: نانو لوله، نانو سيم، نانو الياف، لايه نازك، نانو فيبر، نانو الكترونيك، نانو مكانيك، نانو ترموديناميك، نانو شيمي،نانو بيوتكنولوژي و نانو و محيط زيست از ديگر مقالههاي رسيده به دبيرخانه همايش است.
دومين همايش دانشجويي فناوري نانو از امروز به مدت سه روز بطور همزمان در پنج سالن دانشگاه كاشان ادامه دارد.
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zatan در شنبه بیست و چهارم شهریور 1386
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به همت محققان پژوهشگاه صنعت نفت ، براي اولين بار طراحي دوغاب سيمان فوق سبك با استفاده از فناوري نانو تكنولوژي با موفقيت انجام شد.
به گزارش روز دوشنبه روابط عمومي پژوهشگاه صنعت نفت ، مهندس " حميد سلطانيان " مسئول پروژه فوق در اين خصوص گفت:طبق تحقيقات بعمل آمده طراحي دوغاب سيمان با استفاده از تكنولوژي نانو با فرمولاسيون ابداعي پژوهشگاه هيچگونه سابقه در دنيا ندارد.
وي درادامه افزود: در چنين دوغابي ضمن بهسازي خواص رئولوژيكي در سيمان - كاري پشت لولههاي جداري چاه، افزايش قابل توجه مقاومت تراكمي سنگ سيمان نيز حاصل ميشود و با تنظيم اندازه ذرات جامد،ضمن افزايش سطح ويژه دانهها، چگالي مخلوط كمتر شده و براي طراحي سيمانهاي فوق سبك و با نرخ فشار پايين بسيار ايدهال خواهد بود.
سلطانيان خاطرنشان كرد: نانو افزودنيها خواص ويژهاي نظير پايداري، كيفيت به سيمان چاه نفت بخشيده و در حفاري چاههاي عميق و بسيار عميق و در مكانهاي بسيار سرد خواص مطلوبي از جمله تراكم پذيري اوليه و زمان بندش مناسب به سيمان ميدهد و انتظار براي حفاري مجدد كمتر شده وعمليات با سرعت بيشتري ادامه مييابد.
وي تصريح كرد، علاوه بر موارد يادشده افزايش مقاومت تراكمي وكاهش تخلخل و تراوايي و در نهايت كنترل و مهار مهاجرت گاز و سيال از درون ستون سيمان از مزاياي ديگر استفاده از نانو ذرات در طراحي دوغاب سيمان ميباشد.
سلطانيان افزود:سبكترين دوغابي كه درپژوهشگاه صنعت نفت درمركز مطالعات اكتشاف و توليد واحد پژوهش حفاري با استفاده از نانو تكنولوژي فوق طراحي شده است، ۶۲/۴پوند برفوت مكعب بوده كه در دماي ۱۹۰درجه فارنهايت داراي مقاومت تراكمي ۲۴ساعته حداقل ،۲۰۰۰ psiتخلخل ۳۶درصد، نفوذپذيري يك درصدميلي دارسي، آب آزاد صفر و زمان انتظار براي رسيدن به حداقل تراكمي ۵۰۰ psiجهت شروع مجدد عمليات حفاري حداكثر هشت ساعت است .
مسئول پروژه در پايان يادآور شد:تستهاي آزمايشگاهي اين پروژه با موفقيت كامل به اتمام رسيده و آماده بكارگيري آن در مناطق عملياتي ميباشد و در زمان حاضر تست ميداني آن در يكي از چاههاي منطقه مارون براي سيمانكاري لوله لاينر هفت اينچ به مرحله اجرا درآمده است.
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zatan در شنبه بیست و چهارم شهریور 1386
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دانشمندان آمريكايي و كرهاي يك پوشش پروتئيني ابداع كردهاند كه ميتواند به استفاده از نانو سيمها براي بهبود آزادسازي دارو منتج شود.
به گزارش خبرگزاري يونايتدپرس از مسكو، "گرگوري بوهاچ" در "دانشگاه ايداهو" و همكارانش در "دانشگاه ملي سئول" دريافتند كه اين پوشش، نانو سيمهاي "سيليكا" را قادر ميسازد تا وارد سلولهاي كشت شده انسان شوند و دوز كشندهاي سم آزاد كنند.
محققان گفتند، نانو سيمها و ساير نانو موادهايي پوشيده شده با پروتئين "فيبرونكتين" ( (fibronectinميتوانند راحت تر به درون تومورها نفوذ كنند و در حين حفظ سلولهاي عادي با آنتي باديها و ساير موادي كه به سمت سلولهاي هدف حركت ميكنند، پوشيده شوند.
قرار است اين مطالعه در شماره ۱۲سپتامبر مجله " " Nano lettersچاپ شود.
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zatan در شنبه بیست و چهارم شهریور 1386
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تهران - خبرگزاری اقتصادی ایران اکونیوز: رئیس مرکز تحقیقات نانو پژوهشگاه صنعت نفت گفت: این پژوهشگاه در ارزیابی عملکرد آزمایشگاههای عضو شبکه آزمایشگاهی فناوری نانو رتبه اول را کسب کرد.
به گزارش خبرگزاری اقتصادی ایران ، دکتر سورنا ستاری افزود: این ارزیابی بر اساس فعالیتهای آزمایشگاههای عضو شبکه در شش ماه دوم سال گذشته، همچنین شاخصهای مشتری مداری، میزان فعال بودن آزمایشگاهها، نحوه و میزان ارتقا و نگهداری دستگاهها و درآمدزایی انجام شده است.
وی تصریح کرد: در بحث مشتری مداری با توجه به نظر سنجیهای انجام شده از نحوه و میزان کارکرد دستگاههای عضو، پژوهشگاه امتیاز 89 درصدی را کسب کرد و شاخص درآمدزایی این مرکز نیز نزدیک به چند صد میلیون تومان بوده است.
ستاری یادآور شد: پژوهشگاه صنعت نفت در نیمه اول سال 84 ابتدا با 7 دستگاه عضو این شبکه شد و در نیمه دوم همان سال با 17 دستگاه در جایگاه چهارم قرار گرفت.
وی ادامه داد: در سال گذشته نیز این عضویت با 40 دستگاه ادامه یافت و رتبه اول را در میان دیگر مراکز به دست آوردیم.
رئیس مرکز تحقیقات نانو پژوهشگاه صنعت نفت با بیان این که در سال جاری نیز این پژوهشگاه با عضویت 44 دستگاه در این شبکه رتبه نخست را کسب کرده است، پیشبینی کرد تعداد این دستگاهها تا پایان سال به 60 مورد افزایش یابد.
وی با بیان این که این شبکه زیر نظر ستاد فناوری نانو ریاست جمهوری تشکیل شده است، اظهار داشت: در این شبکه 52 ارگان و موسسه عضو هستند که دستگاههای مرتبط با نانو دارند؛ به این ترتیب در هر یک از این مراکز که به استفاده از یک دستگاه نیاز داشته باشد، با رجوع به ستاد یا سایت آن میتوانند از موسسه مربوط دستگاه مورد نیاز را تهیه کنند.
ستاری افزود: دستگاههای مرتبط با نانو بسیار گران است؛ بنابر این علاوه بر صرفهجویی در خرید این دستگاهها، برخی وسایل و تجهیزاتی که در گذشته برای یک پروژه خاص خریداری شده بود و استفاده چندانی از آنها نمیشده است، به کار گرفته میشوند.
به گفته ستاری، این ستاد بیشتر نقش نظارتی و هماهنگی برای پاسخگویی به مراکز و موسسه ها را دارد و مانند همین کار هم در پژوهشگاه صنعت نفت انجام شد؛ یعنی دستگاههای مرتبط با نانو در آزمایشگاههای گاز، پلیمر و ... شناسایی شدند و با استفاده از نرمافزارهای طراحی شده به این شبکه پیوستند.
وی پژوهشگاه صنعت نفت را تنها مرکز فعال در بحث نانو در کشور خواند و گفت: پژوهشگاه در بحث نانو در کشور اول است و علاوه بر کسب 6پتنت بینالمللی، توانسته است به مرحله تجاریسازی و صنعتی برخی فناوری های نانو نیز دست یابد.
رئیس مرکز تحقیقات نانو پژوهشگاه صنعت نفت، طرحهای تجاری شده این مرکز را پروژه هیدروکانورژن (تبدیل نفت سنگین به سبک) میدان نفت بهرگان، فرآیند جی.تی.ال (تبدیل گاز به مایع) و طرح نانو لولههای کربنی و استفاده از آنها در فرآیندهای گوناگون اعلام کرد و افزود: در کل 9 فناوری نانو فناوری در پژوهشگاه صنعت نفت تجاری شده که برخی از آنها نیز به وسیله بخش خصوصی به مراحل پایانی رسیده است.
ستاری اضافه کرد: در پژوهشگاه صنعت نفت بیش از 87 پروژه در دست اجرا یا پایان یافته در زمینه نانو انجام شده است، گرچه تجاری و عملی کردن این طرحها 8 تا 10 سال به طول میانجامد.
وی پژوهشگاه صنعت نفت را محل رفع مشکلات صنعت خواند و تاکید کرد: بیش از 80 محقق و پژوهشگر در زمینه نانو فناوری در این پژوهشگاه و مراکز وابسته به آن در حال فعالیت هستند تا نیازهای صنعت را برطرف کنند.
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zatan در شنبه بیست و چهارم شهریور 1386
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تلاش محققان داخلی منجر به آن شد که ایران به عنوان نخستین قدرت بدون رقیب تولید تایرهای نانویی در خاورمیانه و آسیا شناخته شود.
دکتر کرابی از محققان برجسته پژوهشگاه پلمیر و پتروشیمی کشور در گفتگو با خبرنگار مهر گفت : تلاش 18 ماهه تیم محققان در پژوهشگاه پلیمر و پتروشیمی کشور به بار نشست و هم اکنون ایران به عنوان تنها قدرت آسیا در عرصه طراحی و ساخت تایرهای نوین با استفاده از فناوری نانو شناخته شده است.
وی افزود: هم اکنون بالغ بر 10 کارخانه تولید تایر در سراسر کشور مشغول به فعالیت هستند که تولیدات آنها عمدتا بر اساس فرمولاسیون شرکت هایی که تحت لیسانس آنها هستند ارایه می شود. اما ما بر آن شدیم تا در قالب پروژه تحقیقاتی بی سابقه ای، از نانو "کلی" (Nano Clay) در فرمولاسیون آمیزه های لاستیکی استفاده کنیم.
وی ادامه داد : کلی به صورت طبیعی در سایز نانو وجود دارد اما برای استفاده از فرمولاسیون آمیزه های لاستیکی باید اصلاحات شیمیایی بر روی "کلی" انجام شود تا اختلاط و آمیزه خوبی داشته باشند.
این محقق برجسته افزود: برای آنکه از فناوری نانو استفاده شود حتما باید "کلی" قابلیت "اینتر کلیت" داشته باشد که نتیجه آن به زبان ساده تر افزایش خواص فرآیند است. تحقیقات ما بر روی آج تایر متمرکز است که درحقیقت نقطه تماس تایر با سطح جاده محسوب می شود.
وی در تشریح مزایای استفاده از این فناوری نوین در تولید تایر گفت: با استفاده از فناوری نانوعلاوه بر ایجاد مقاومت در برابر سایش تایر، با کاهش چشمگیر وزن و حجم تایر نیز مواجه شده ایم که این نکته جای امیدواری زیادی داشته است. اما شاید کاهش در مصرف سوخت خودروها آن هم با توجه به سهمیه بندی بنزین یکی از مهمترین و چشمگیرترین بخش های این فناوری نوین باشد.
دکتر کرابی ادامه داد: این پروژه با حمایت های وزارت علوم همراه بوده و هم اکنون درصدد هستیم تا مقدمات استفاده از این فناوری نوین در دو کارخانه تایرسازی کشور به مرحله اجرا گذاشته شود.
وی افزود: بالغ بر 30 میلیون تومان هزینه برای این پروژه که با حضور 4 عضو هیات علمی و یک دانشجوی دوره دکتری عملی شده، صرف شده است. کل پروژه نیز در مدت 18 ماه به سرانجام رسیده است.
به گزارش مهر، این محقق تاکید کرد: فکر می کنیم استقبال از این فناوری نوین در کشور 100 درصد باشد البته مشکلاتی نیز وجود دارد که ازجمله آنها می توان به لزوم به روزرسانی و اعمال اصلاحاتی در تجهیزات کارخانجات تایرسازی کشور است تا بتوانند از این فناوری نوین نیز استفاده کنند.
کرابی خاطر نشان کرد: استفاده از این فناوری نوین فعلا برای تایرهای کوچک در نظرگرفته شده و در آینده در صنایعی همچون ساخت تایر هواپیماها مورد استفاده قرار خواهد گرفت.
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zatan در شنبه بیست و چهارم شهریور 1386
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شیمی دانان در ایتالیا از ارایه دستاوردی جدید در عرصه حساس و دقیق تمیز کردن آثار هنری و نقاشی رنگ روغن قدیمی با استفاده از فناوری نانو خبر دادند.
به گزارش خبرگزاری مهر، دانشمندان ایتالیایی در گزارشی که درACS' Langmuir منتشر کردند به توصیف دستاورد جدید خود پرداخته و نوشتند : اسفنج نانویی از قابلیت بالایی برای استفاده در تمیز کردن طیف گسترده ای از آثار هنری قدیمی و با ارزش از جمله تابلوهای رنگ روغن برخوردار است که تا پیش از این تمیز کردنشان کاری مشکل و حساس بوده است.
به گفته "پیرو باگلیونی" سرپرست دانشمندان در این پروژه، از این اسفنج ها می توان در کاربردهای مختلف مربوط به وسایل آرایشی، تولید شوینده ها و بیوتکنولوژی استفاده کرد.
بر اساس گزارش "ساینس دیلی" این گزارش با تاکید بر استفاده اصلی این فناوری در تمیز کردن تابلوهای قدیمی و گران قیمت می افزاید: نگهبانان و سرایدارها معمولا از حلال ها و سایر عوامل تمیزکننده در قالب فرمولاسیون ژل ها برای تمیز کردن و غبار روبی تابلوها استفاده می کنند که گاها به واسطه نفوذ در سطح نقاشی به این آثار گران قیمت لطمه وارد می کنند.
در مقایسه با مایعات، ژل ها کمتر به آثار هنری نفوذ کرده و لطمات کمتری را به همراه دارند. البته ژل ها نیز مشکلات خاص خود را دارند چون برداشتن آنها از سطوح نقاشی مشکل بوده و ممکن است تاثیرات نامطلوبی بر نقاشی و سایر آثار هنری بگذارند.
اما اسفنج های نانویی جدید که از ذرات نانویی ساخته شده اند بر این مشکل غلبه کرده اند. این اسفنج های ویژه می توانند حلال را در خود نگاه داشته و با استفاده از نگهدارنده های ویژه در نقاط خاص مورد استفاده قرار گیرند. پس از اتمام کار نیز نگهبانان می توانند ژل ها را با استفاده از مگنت از روی تابلو بردارند.
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zatan در شنبه بیست و چهارم شهریور 1386
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دانشمندان آمریکایی در دانشگاه تنسی نتایج مهمی از یک تحقیق نانوتکنولوژی ارائه داده اند. این محققان شکل خاصی از ریز ذرات کربنی به نام نانوهورن تک دیواره ای را برای انتقال دارو و سایر کاربردها طراحی کرده اند. دانشمندان هیچگونه سمیت ریوی را برای این نانوهورن ها گزارش نکرده اند. محققان معتقدند این ریز ذرات یا نانوپارتیکل ها علاوه بر توانایی در انتقال دارو برای ذخیره هیدروژن نیز قابل استفاده اند.
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zatan در شنبه بیست و چهارم شهریور 1386
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The MEMS and Nanotechnology Exchange coordinates a virtual fab, a network of fabrication centers that lets our users draft process sequences which are performed across the boundaries separating the individual facilities. Our service is made available to the United States community including commercial, academic, and government organizations.
Consulting Services
The MEMS and Nanotechnology Exchange provides general consulting as well as invention creative services to the community. General consulting includes such activities as:
Development of a product development strategy
Costing analysis for NRE as well as manufacturing
Optimization of device design and/or fabrication
Evaluation of production efficiencies
Selecting suitable foundries for manufacturing
Assisting in transfer of production to another foundry
Device and/or process diagnostics
Development or evaluation of a QC protocol
Reliability and failure analysis
Mechanical or material property measurement and characterization
Mask Making Services
The MEMS and Nanotechnology Exchange offers a range of options for mask design and fabrication. Our engineers can make the layout design for you or use your layout files. Our mask fabrication capabilities range from pattern generation, to E-beam, to X-ray.
Whatever your mask requirements are, the MEMS and Nanotechnology Exchange can help.
Software
The MEMS Exchange has developed a software system that is specially suited for MEMS and Nano technology job shops. The software system has many of the same features as the software that runs the entire MEMS Exchange operation and is well suited for managing a project or an entire facility's operations depending on the exact needs of the customer.
The system incorporates over 30 man-years of development effort and runs in a Linux environment. Our software system uses a network-based approach and therefore affords easier access, provides excellent scalability, eliminates problems with compatibility, but affords high-level security protections.
Services in US patent law, featuring patent attorney with multidisciplinary background combining physics, chemistry, biotechnology, and expertise on nanotechnology and MEMS.
We provide early-stage product development and fabrication services; expert MEMS-specific modeling using ANSYS Multiphysics; technical strategy and due diligence evaluations.
ABM designs and manufactures mask aligners, exposure systems, photolithographic products and accessories used in the production of semiconductor integrated circuits.
"Marketing for Micro and Nano Technologies". The Adelsa Group provides cost-effective marketing and market research services to companies developing or seeking technology for miniaturization of electronic systems. The group offers a full range of capabilities, from business development and competitive intelligence, to marketing communications and technology assessment. Adelsa's experience and wide range of clients and contacts in the MEMS, sensor and microelectronics industries helps both young and established companies secure visibility and validation for emerging microtechnology. The company's broad international expertise enables it to work with clients in North America, Europe and Asia, and to obtain marketing results and market data worldwide.
ADTEK Photomask is a merchant photomask manufacturer that has been providing photomask services worldwide for over 25 years. We use the latest state-of-the-art writing tools to provide a full range of Optical, E.Beam and Laserwrite photomasks for microelectronics, semiconductor, optoelectronics, photonics, MEMS, medical and nanotechnology industries.
We have been a merchant photomask manufacturer for over 30 years. We have 2 Micronics Laser Writers and 5 Optical Pattern Generators used to generate masks on either chrome, iron oxide or emulsion. We can handle chrome on glass plates up to 32 inches square.
ACML is a research team at the University of Minnesota specializing in MEMS sensor design and fabrication. We are trying to develop new sensing principles by using control theory as an enabling technology. Our expertise lies in the area of applying advanced control algorithms on in-house fabricated MEMS devices. Some of the completed and ongoing projects include MEMS 2D electrostatic actuators that can be actuated inside the pull-in range by applying nonlinear controls, a MEMS absolute angle measurement sensor design, fabrication and implementation, wireless MEMS acoustic sensors and MEMS sensor SAW device integration for wireless sensors.
Offers design, development and volume manufacturing foundry services for 3" and 6" wafer MEMS, MOEMS and thin film devices. Specialties include CMOS-compatible processing, magnetic materials, high aspect-ratio UV-LIGA microlithography, through-mask electrodeposition, CMP, deep-silicon Bosch ICP etching, dry and wet release etching and super-critical drying. AMS features a large, modern Class 100 cleanroom with Class 10 microlithographic coating.
Advanced Process Systems represents specialized equipment for R&D through production including Meco electro-deposition of photo resist wafer coater for conformal resist coating on high topography and deep cavities, GnP CMP systems with insitu friction force monitoring system for coupons, 4-6-8 inch wafers. Laurier FC die bonders with (.5um) placement accuracy for MEMS, Meco electroless UBM wafer plater and SRI International's new R&D Fab for MEMS, optoelectronics & 3D advanced packaging.
AI Technology is the maker of Cool Grease(R) and Cool Pad(TM) used in deep reactive ion etching for MEMS and wafer processing applications in nanofabrication labs all over the world. Cool Grease(R) CGR7016 is an industry standard in MEMS fabrication. AI Technology's Cool Pad(TM) films offer alternative to Cool Grease with easier application and clean up.
Manufactures a deep plasma etching system equiped with an ICP (Inductively Coupled Plasma) reactor, capable of processing wafers up to 8" using the Bosch process and Alcatel's Cryogenic process.
Advanced MEMS for RF and MillimeterWave Communications
This Network of Excellence aims to create a European Virtual Institute for developing Smart MEMS microsystems for advanced communications. It regroups 25 partners from 14 countries.
Amkor Technology is the world's leader in micro electronic packaging technologies and the world's largest outsource provider of Micro Electronic Mechanical Systems (MEMS) and Micro Optical Electronic Mechanical Systems (MOEMS).
SOI Wafers 4/5/6/8". All work done in house from ingot slicing to final polish. No out sourcing, low cost, fast delivery, perfect edges, device tolerance down to +/- 0.5um.
ANSYS software has evolved into a multi-physics analysis environment capable of simulating a broad range of physics including: structural, thermal, fluid , acoustics, electromagnetics, and electronic circuits. The ANSYS/Multiphysics product supports direct and indirect coupling between these different physics to facilitate accurate modeling of real world effects. Examples relevant to the MEMS community are fluid-structural, thermo-electric (Joule heating), electro-structural (piezoelectric) and electrostatic-structural.
The ANSYS/MEMS Website http://www.ansys.com/ansys/ provides an overview of the ANSYS MEMS Initiative, and also recent technical papers showing ANSYS in action, ANSYS Solutions articles containing some serious MEMS analysis, and a basic MEMS materials database.
ANSYS.NET http://ansys.net/ansys/ an ansys user's resource, is an extensive collection of ANSYS-related resources.
The XANSYS mailing list http://www.xansys.org/ is for discussion among ANSYS users about program bugs/ideas/modelling techniques, hardware, FEA employment, and related topics.
AWR-APLAC develops and markets simulation and analysis software for analog and RF designers. The software is specially designed to meet the challenges of mobile communications. APLAC software is used by both multi-national companies as well as small design agencies to solve their most challenging simulation problems. APLAC enhances the cost effectiveness and shortens the design time. APLAC's capabilities range from integrated circuits to circuit board and system level design, from direct current to RF and microwave frequencies.
Apogee Technology designs, develops, and markets Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) and analog & digital circuit designs for the consumer, automotive, communications and medical markets.
Offers wafer, packaging and test/characterization foundry services for fabless MEMS product vendors. We also design and manufacture MEMS-based products including sensors, accelerometers and micro-mirrors for a variety of applications.
The Asian Technology Information Program (ATIP) is a non-profit organization dedicated to providing objective and high-quality information about technology developments in Asia.
ASM International is the society for materials engineers and scientists, a worldwide network dedicated to advancing industry, technology, and applications of metals and materials.
The MEMS Materials Database is a comprehensive and authoritative new source for the mechanical, physical and chemical properties of materials appropriate to the range of MEMS Packaging challenges facing device designers.
"Everything is material" at ASM International. From traditional processes like heat treating to new materials-related advances in medical devices, fuel cells, nanomaterials and MEMS. ASM provides the world's most trusted reference collections on materials data.
Aurora delivers market analysis, technology development, market development and strategic growth plans for the Microelectronics, MEMs and Identification markets. Our products include Market analysis, Product Management development, Strategic sales and marketing services, and Intellectual Property, purchase, sales, licensing and management services.
Provides equipment and support for CMP, substrate grinding or thinning, and post-process cleaning of substrates. Equipment is either new or refurbished to OEM specifications, and includes warranty and installation support.
Supplier of LinkCAD, a CAD Translation program for translation of GDS-II, DXF, Gerber, PostScript & CIF. Used for moving files from one program to another as you step through the manufacturing processes. Baytech is also a supplier of IE3D an Electromagnetic Simulation tool for analysis of MEMS circuits.
Beam Services, Inc. is a U.S. based distributor for the following manufacturers of semiconductor equipment: ProTec AG - thin wafer handling and processing solutions; HSEB - Carl Ziess optical wafer inspection systems; Plasmatics - small footprint RIE and PECVD systems; Chemitronic - wet chemistry etch and clean stations, furnace tube cleaners, and scrubbers.
Used & Refurbished Semiconductor and Mems Manufacturing Equipment. Our Specialty is Metrology & Deposition systems. Complete Facility Acquisitions and Sales.
We also provide High-Tech Equipment Appraisals, from single items to complete facilites for asset based loans.
Bosch Sensortec GmbH offers micro mechanic sensors (MEMS) and their application for consumer electronics, medical technology, security systems, logistics and Life Sciences, as well as specific foundry services. The company, founded early in 2005, is one hundred percent a subsidiary of Robert Bosch GmbH, the MEMS pioneer and the largest manufacturer of automotive sensors worldwide.
As an innovative designer and premier manufacturer of MEMS wavefront control devices, Boston Micromachines offers a full line of micromachined deformable mirrors (DMs) and reflective spatial light modulators (SLMs) that are reliable, compact, and economical. Our high performance devices are currently integral components in AO systems around the world. In addition to our standard line, we also offer custom design-manufacturing services.
Brewer Science is a manufacturer of chemicals and equipment for the microelectronics and optoelectronics industries. Equipment products include spincoat/develop/baking equipment.
Stephen C. Minne, Scott R. Manalis, Calvin F. Quate/Hardcover/Published 1999. Bringing Scanning Probe Microscopy Up to Speed introduces the principles of scanning probe systems with particular emphasis on techniques for increasing speed. The authors include useful information on the characteristics and limitations of current state-of-the-art machines as well as the properties of the systems that will follow in the future. The basic approach is two-fold. First, fast scanning systems for single probes are treated and, second, systems with multiple probes operating in parallel are presented.
The key components of the SPM are the mechanical microcantilever with integrated tip and the systems used to measure its deflection. In essence, the entire apparatus is devoted to moving the tip over a surface with a well-controlled force. The mechanical response of the actuator that governs the force is of the utmost importance since it determines the scanning speed. The mechanical response relates directly to the size of the actuator; smaller is faster. Traditional scanning probe microscopes rely on piezoelectric tubes of centimeter size to move the probe. In future scanning probe systems, the large actuators will be replaced with cantilevers where the actuators are integrated on the beam. These will be combined in arrays of multiple cantilevers with MEMS as the key technology for the fabrication process.
BTL Fellows is a company that does applied Research and Development based on an extensive intellectual property base, including: MEMS Plasma Displays ; Metal-Silicide Contacts and Schottky Diodes; Ti-Pt-Au metallization; Plasma Etching; Schottky Source and Drain MOSFETs; Air Bridges and high-reliability MMIC devices. Cooperative development with Profs. Fiory and Ravindra allows access to the large-scale resources of NJIT.
Bullen Ultrasonics is the technology leader in ultrasonic machining. We have developed and perfected machining methods to match the demands of applications requiring ultrasonic processing. With our considerable experience in precision machining, coupled with our state-of-the-art facilities, we can handle your specific requirements.
Sam Burd is a consultant with extensive experience bringing products, concepts, and services from conception into reality. Consulting services include developing products, managing projects, brainstorming business strategies, assisting entrepreneurs, manufacturing instruments, and starting-up businesses.
Cadence Design Systems is the world's leading EDA technologies and engineering services company. Cadence helps its customers break through their challenges by providing leading edge electronic design solutions that speed advanced IC and system designs to volume production. Customers use Cadence software and hardware, methodologies, and services to design and verify advanced semiconductors, printed circuit boards and systems used in consumer electronics, networking and telecommunications equipment, and computer systems.
CAE Online has over 17,000 used and refurbished pieces of manufacturing and test equipment for sale. We've been serving the surplus semiconductor and nanotechnology industries including MEMS, Optoelectronics, and Photonics since our founding in 1983. We also BUY and SELL lab and scientific equipment, electronic test and measurement equipment and PC Board manufacturing and test equipment.
The Micromachining Laboratory's research interests include MEMS technology, microsensors, microactuators, microstructure, MEMS systems, and MEMS science. Successfully developed MEMS devices in Dr. Tai's lab include pressure sensors, shear-stress sensors, hot-wire anemometers, magnetic actuators, microphones, microvalves, micromotors, and so on. System-level MEMS research projects include integrated M3 (microelectronics + microsensors + microactuators) drag-reduction smart surface, flexible smart skin for the control unmanned aerial vehicles, and micro fluid delivery systems. Dr. Tai is also interested in MEMS sciences such as MEMS material (mechanical and thermal) properties, micro fluid mechanics, and micro/nano processing issues.
Manufacturing Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) systems for Research and Development in nanotechnology; semiconductors, displays, MEMS, photonics, lasers, fuel cells, biomedical, and oled.
CMC is a not-for-profit organization established in 1984 to provide industrial microelectronic technologies to Canadian universities, both to facilitate world-class research and to ensure a strong source of well-trained graduates. CMC is supported by contributions of technology, services and cash from industry and by matching funding from the federal Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council. CMC's membership now includes 36 universities and 20 industrial organizations. One service we provide is a MEMS service called BEAMS, which includes bulk and surface micromachining processes.
CapiliX is a supplier of microfluidic products and solutions based on glass chip technology. We address the microfluidics needs of researchers in the sectors of bio, pharma and water quality management. We provide modular solutions focusing on increasing the efficiency and decreasing reagent waste.
Cavendish Kinetics focuses on the development of CMOS compatible MEMS process modules, the design and modeling of MEMS devices and subsequently providing these two combined (process module and design module) as an IP (Intellectual Property) package for customers to use in numerous different application areas. As the IP package is CMOS compatible all standard CMOS foundries can be used.
Provides advanced software tools for modeling, simulation, and design of MEMS. Their software has been used for the analysis of a wide variety of physical phenomena such as fluid flow, heat transfer, combustion, and fluid-structure interaction. Industrial applications include MEMS, electronics packaging, semiconductor turbomachinery, and automotive engineering.
ChemAcoustic Technologies, Passive Aerosol Dryer's are available in Stand-Alone or as a OEM kit for wet bench integration. Specific design for MEMS and other high aspect ratio devices and Particle Neutral performance @ 120nm using a motionless process and just 2-4 mls of Isopropyl Alcohol per cycle. Also available is the Mega-Pix single substrate dry in dry out cleaning tool.
Clarycon.com is an information website for plasma etch and integration engineers in the VLSI and MEMS industry. It features extensive plasma etch tutorials ranging from plasma etch fundamentals to advanced applications as well news archive, event calendar, white papers, literature and patent reviews and related links.
Supplies high quality preowned equipment to the semiconductor and nanotechnology industries including MEMS, Optoelectronics, and Photonics. We focus on wafer fabrication, metrology, and assembly equipment. Our website is updated weekly with equipment available for sale. All equipment we offer for sale is in full operational condition and is available for full inspection. Installation and training is also offered.
CMP is a broker in ICs and MEMS for prototyping and low volume production. Circuits are fabricated for Universities, Research Laboratories and Industrial Compagnies.
Patent abstracts are provided online by CNIDR http://www.cnidr.org/ the Center for Networked Information Discovery and Retrieval, a service of MCNC http://www.mcnc.org
Offers medium-volume (100k/annum) production of custom and standard components to diverse high value-added custom market applications including: Navigation and Guidance, Telecommunications, Life Sciences, Industrial Applications, and Foundry Services. Products range from magnetic print heads, optical microlenses, circuits and components for telecoms, to micro-optical illumination systems, mechanical capacitative accelerometers and ionizing radiation detectors.
COMSOL MEMS Module addresses design issues that arise in the micro-world. It models physical phenomena in actuators and sensors plus microfluidic and small piezoelectric devices. Because MEMS Module is built over COMSOL Multiphysics platform it can handle electromagnetic- structural, thermal-structural, fluid-structure (FSI), electromagnetic-fluid interactions or any other combination of multiphysical couplings needed in the MEMS world.
Offers customized solutions for your OEM products in the field of MEMS technologies and Integrated Optics. C2V offers OEM Seamless Microsystems Engineering (SME), from concept design to volume production. Development, prototyping and pilot production are in-house activities. Beginning with a concept, via development and prototyping, SME also includes transfer from low to high volume production of microsystems.
Manufactures end-effectors, wafer chucks and other wafer handling equipment specifically suited for handling MEMS wafers. Our unique patented technologies, originally developed for NASA, enable us to handle perforated, warped, thin and even broken wafers with a higher level of safety and significantly less backside contamination than any other supplier today. We can also provide Zero-Contact wafer handling for even lower backside contamination levels.
Process company that designs and manufactures plasma etching and deposition equipment for semiconductor compounds, optoelectronics and MEMS technologies.
Corning is a world leader in delivering advanced optical solutions for a broad array of commercial and industrial markets. As such, Corning’s understanding of fundamental glass science is unparalleled in the industry. With unmatched technical capability, Corning delivers more than 150 material formulations; including glass, glass ceramics and fluoride crystals. Corning increases the value it delivers to customers by optimizing the end product, eliminating the complexity of managing multiple suppliers, and shipping within a shorter cycle time more consistently than any other manufacturer.
Provides MEMS modeling, device design, process development, volume manufacturing and final assembly. Our expertise includes Silicon Micromachining, Software Tools for MEMS and Integrated Optics.
Formerly Microcosm, Coventor provides fully integrated Computer Aided Design and Analysis tools for MEMS design, system simulation, manufacturing analysis, and packaging. Offers including software, engineering, consulting and manufacturing, as well as an intellectual property portfolio.
Dedalus Consulting Inc (DCI) is an independent consultancy and publisher of high technology market research. Established in 1995, DCI is dedicated to providing clients with relevant data along with sound qualitative and quantitative analyses.
Delfmems offers MEMS reliability testing, quality control, and failure analysis. We are the solution for your product optimizations. Delfmems also performs reverse-engineering for technology watching.
Design Workshop Technologies creates high-quality computer aided design software for the microelectronics, MEMS and photonics industries, as well as for other microfabrication applications. With over 15 years of software innovation, our products are flexible and cost-effective; we aim to bring maximum capability and maximum value.
Discovery Chip aims to provide a low cost microfluidics consultancy service combined with prototyping facilities and a rapid route to commercialisation. We hold extensive knowledge and experience of microfluidic technologies enabling us to provide rapid development of ideas from the concept stage to volume production. This makes it feasible for small companies, institutions or individuals who do not have the experience of microfluidics or the necessary facilities to develop their ideas and apply the benefits of microfluidics to them.
Our current mission is to supply our worldwide customers with fault-free, high-yield and reliable sets of CMOS Virtual Components, together with engineering assistance and product evolution customized to their needs.
Dynavest is the leading supplier of quality equipment, metrology/inspection tools and electronics material for the semiconductor packaging, MEMS and Optoelectronics industry in Singapore, China, Malaysia, Thailand and Philippines.
Supplies Ultra High Purity (UHP) Fluorocarbons Gases to the Semiconductor and related industries. Primary products are Halocarbon 14 (Tetrafluoromethane), Halocarbon 218 (Octafluoropropane) , Halocarbon C318 (Octafluorocyclobutane), Halocarbon 23 (Trifluoromethane) and Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6). Other high purity fluorocarbon gases and mixtures are also available.
Information about integrated microoptical devices (integrated silicon adaptive mirror and deformable mirror display), developed in the Electronic Instrumentation Laboratory of the Dept. of EE, Delft University.
Electronics.ca Publications is the portal to essential market and technology information for the global Electronics Industry. It provides succinct, up-to-date and well researched data delivering critical information on the semiconductor, electronics manufacturing, wireless technology and converging markets.
ELume processes silicon,glass,ceramic,lithium niobate and flexible substrates. We operate a class 10 foundry in the USA for 50-200 mm wafers. Products include multi electrode arrays MEA. We service the life,bio,neuro,pharmaceutical and drug discovery markets.
Engineering Objects, Inc. is an engineering consulting company specializing in MEMS and Nanotechnology systems. Based in the heart of Silicon Valley, we offer products and services in the fields of MEMS, Optics, and Nanotechnology devices. We develop software tools for MEMS design, system simulation, and packaging.
EnviroEtch (TM) provides a method of continuously etching the top surface of flat substrates, quickly and efficiently. Designed for post-diffusion etching of oxide from the surface of solar cells, this revolutionary system accepts belt-to-belt transfer of wafers eliminating the need for operator involvement or transfer to carriers. Vapor-phase etching significantly minimizes acid usage, and contamination from suspended particulates. This system provides effective, inexpensive, and rapid removal of oxide from silicon substrates.
A network of companies and institutes funded by the European Community, and offering expertise, design, development and production of MEMS and microsystems.
Designs and manufactures processing equipment including mask aligners, wafer bonders and debonders, spin coaters, photoresist coaters, inspection systems and wafer cleaners for the semiconductor and MEMS industries. Process assistance available.
Exponent is an engineering and scientific consulting firm which provides services in the Micro-Nano Technology (MNT) and Semiconductor areas, including MNT Test & Reliability, Material Properties Measurement & Characterization, Failure Analysis and Fab Inspection; MNT Product Development (Concept to Volume Production); Health and Environmental Risk Assessment, and Business consulting support (including IP Due Diligence, Technology Assessment and Regulatory Assistance)
FEI Company provides market-leading FIB, SEM, DualBeam, TEM, and SNP tools. FEI's technologies open the nanoscale for exploration, discovery and development, enabling researchers and manufacturers to think so big while working so small.
Makers of film thickness measurement equipment for measuring silicon and other MEMS process films. All equipment is based on non-contact spectral reflectance. Silicon layers as thick as 160 microns can be measured.
Flow Science offers FLOW-3D, a leader free surface modeling accuracy, especially in cases where surface tension is dominant, as with microscale flows. With its fully-featured solver, FLOW-3D can be used to simulate a wide range of MEMS problems.
Manufactures vacuum wands, manual wands (wafer tweezers), vacuum pumps, tubing, and other wafer handling tools. ESD safe products and tweezers for 300mm wafer handling are also available.
Their Advanced Vacuum Technology http://www.vacuumwand.com/ division also manufactures die handling tools.
A new book, written by Dr. Chang Liu, entitled "Foundation of MEMS" has been published. Foundations of MEMS is the first entry-level text of its kind for systematically teaching the specifics of MEMS to an interdisciplinary audience. Liu discusses designs, materials, and fabrication issues related to the MEMS field by employing concepts from both the electrical and mechanical engineering domains and by incorporating evolving microfabrication technology – all in a time-efficient and methodical manner. A wealth of examples and problems solidify students’ understanding of abstract concepts and provide ample opportunities for practicing critical thinking. ISBN: 0-13-147286-0
The Fraunhofer-Institut für Siliziumtechnologie (ISIT), Itzehoe, works on design, development and production of microelectronic components as well as on microsensors, microactuators and other components for microsystems technology. All devices of this kind can be delivered either being prototypes or customer specific series.
By Mark Madou. With nanotechnology and microengineering being among the top priority research areas for the United States over the next decade, Fundamentals of Microfabrication is an important and timely work. It is the first book to examine all aspects of the attempt to build functional devices at a molecular size.
GattaCo develops cost-effective and easy-to-use disposable diagnostic test kits for environmental, medical and industrial applications. MEMs and nano-based sensors and technologies can be easily integrated into the GattaCo diagnostics platform allowing for the rapid development and commercialization of new products.
Provides wafer backgrinding, wafer backside polishing, wafer stress relief etch, wafer dicing, die inspection, die tape and reel and die waffle packing services. Sells wafer grinding and wafer dicing tapes as well.
Sensor elements etched into silicon measure angles of vehicles, cranes or railway cars. Circuits with thousands of logic functions integrated into a single chip control machine tools or complete production processes. Household washing machines are controlled by microcontrollers. Microsystems and microelectronics today form part of virtually all sectors of industry and everyday life, and have become an integral part of the products of most manufacturers. However, many companies are faced with numerous technical, manpower and hence financial obstacles between the concept and the finished product.
Gersteltec is manufacturing and commercialising SU-8 photoresist and new SU-8 nanocomposite photoresists with specific properties (low stress, electrical conductivity) for microfabrication applications. Developement, consulting and fundry services are also offered.
GTS is a supplier of wafer dicing surfactants for particle suspension clean, low chip cutting. We offer field service on dicing and grinding equipment and are a certified re-builder of dicing saws.
Supplying the semiconductor industry with all types of process equipment - front end and back end, subsystems, spares and specialized filed and depot level service.
Engineers and scientists regularly use GlobalSpec to search for technical products, learn about suppliers, and access comprehensive content on standards, patents, specifications, designs, application notes and more. The world's largest parametrically searchable database of technical products, components and services, and related industrial catalogs is available on GlobalSpec.
Glocap Search (www.glocapsearch.com) Premier search firm serviing private equity, hedge funds, investment bands, consulting and industry clients.
Glocap Partners (www.glocappartners.com) Boutiquie investment banking firm assisting companies in raising private equity, PIPEs and mezzanine capital, advising on mergers & acquisitions, JVs, recaps/restructurings, and providing fairness opinions.
Glocap Advisors (www.glocapadvisors.com) Privately-held financial services firm focused on the placement of funds and the development of alternative investment products for the instutional investor.
Granta is the leading developer of Material Intelligence software systems. Applications include: rational, exhaustive material & process selection; material data management; material database publishing; material and manufacturing education.
Growthink Research publishes venture capital funding reports that analyze financing trends for emerging technology companies, including MEMS and Nanotech. In addition to publishing dozens of "off-the-shelf" funding research reports, Growthink Research also performs client-specific market and competitive research projects.
(Formerly ACT MicroDevices.) Maintains a full-service micro foundry that includes: highly characterized thin film and optical coatings, solder and microwave circuit metallization, and precision wet and dry etching. Specializes in Silicon Optical Bench Fabrication, Bulk Micromachining, Low Stress Nitrides, and Deep RIE of silicon, through both the Bosch process and the cryogenic smooth sidewall process. Most of our services are available on 100mm, 125mm, 150mm (Thin Films on 200mm). Haleos can custom engineer processes and has design and modeling expertise.
Designs, develops and manufactures high precision Direct Write Laser instruments using raster scan technology to image on various substrates such as silicon, glass, film, or other photosensitive type plates. It can be used for semiconductor masks and direct writing, integrated optics, lead frames, flat panel displays, shadow mask, MEMS, and any application where high precision, high-resolution images must be produced.
A division of Wafer Works Corp http://www.waferworks.com/ provides 3"-6" prime/test silicon wafers (single and double side polished), sapphire, notch and SOI wafers. Other capabilities include laser marking, and wafers with tight TTV.
ABAQUS/Explicit http://www.hks.com/products/p_abexplicit.html is a finite element program designed specifically to serve advanced, nonlinear continuum and structural analysis needs.
Hussein Ballan, Michel Declercq/Hardcover/Published 1998. Standard voltages used in today's ICs may vary from about 1.3V to more than 100V, depending on the technology and the application. High voltage is therefore a relative notion.
High Voltage Devices and Circuits in Standard CMOS Technologies is mainly focused on standard CMOS technologies, where high voltage (HV) is defined as any voltage higher than the nominal (low) voltage, i.e. 5V, 3.3V, or even lower. In this standard CMOS environment, IC designers are more and more frequently confronted with HV problems, particularly at the I/O level of the circuit.
In the first group of applications, a large range of industrial or consumer circuits either require HV driving capabilities, or are supposed to work in a high-voltage environment. This includes ultrasonic drivers, flat panel displays, robotics, automotive, etc. On the other hand, in the emerging field of integrated microsystems, MEMS actuators mainly make use of electrostatic forces involving voltages in the typical range of 30 to 60V. Last but not least, with the advent of deep sub-micron and/or low-power technologies, the operating voltage tends towards levels ranging from 1V to 2.5V, while the interface needs to be compatible with higher voltages, such as 5V.
For all these categories of applications, it is usually preferable to perform most of the signal processing at low voltage, while the resulting output rises to a higher voltage level. Solving this problem requires some special actions at three levels: technology, circuit design and layout.
High Voltage Devices and Circuits in Standard CMOS Technologies addresses these topics in a clear and organized way. The theoretical background is supported by practical information and design examples. It is an invaluable reference for researchers and professionals in both the design and device communities.
A MEMS foundry service located in Redmond, Washington, Honeywell's services range from single process step fulfillment to complete turnkey design through volume production.
HTA Photomask has been manufacturing photomasks for many years. Some of HTA's employees have forty years of experience in photomask manufacturing that dates back to the 1960's. During the years of technological progress our people have worked with e-beam, laser write, and optical manufacturing of photomasks. We have the ability to work with the customer and determine which path of photolithography is best and most economical for the customer.
We design and manufacture high precision humidity and vapor sensing solutions for aerospace, industrial, research, environmental and scientific customers around the world
Icemos Technology Ltd is a leading supplier of high quality thick film bonded SOI (Silicon On Insulator) wafers (Bonded SOI Wafers, Si-Si Bonded Wafers, and SOI+Trench and Refill). Our expertise is on trench etch and refill technology, with the ability to offer trench etch and refill services to customers on bulk Si substrates or on SOI. By combining both our SOI and trench etch and refill technology, we provide customers a unique dielectrically isolated substrate preparation service.
The fields of interest of the Council and its activities shall be the theory, design, fabrication, manufacturing, reliability and applications of devices for sensing and transducing physical, chemical, and biological phenomena.
Delhi is an autonomous statutory organisation functioning within the "Institutes of Technology Act" as amended by "The Institutes of Technology (Amendent) Act, 1963". The seven Indian Institutes of Technology (others being at Bombay, Kanpur, Kharagpur, Madras and Guwahati Roorkee) are administered centrally by the IIT Council, an apex body established by the Government of India to co-ordinate activities of these Institutes. The Minister for Human Resource Development of the Government of India is the Chairman of the Council. Each Institute of Technology has a Board of Governors responsible for its overall administration and control. Prof. V S Ramamurthy is the Chairman of the Board of Governors of this Institute.
A MEMS manufacturing company that offers services from design and prototyping to process development and high-volume manufacturing, with one of the largest 6" MEMS wafer fabs in the US.
Saint-Gobain Grains & Powders - Surface Conditioning Group
Leader in the development and manufacture of high purity chemicals and abrasives for the surface perfection of metals, ceramics, glasses and crystals. Engineered abrasive particles and biodegradable chemistries for critical surface finishing of MEMS and nanotechnology devices.
IDA MEMS Technology Transition. This web site provides a resource for contractors to locate, evaluate and initiate MEMS insertion opportunities within DoD.
As a partner for industrial companies and research institutions, we concentrate our activities on developing microdevices and systems for our customer's specific needs. Benefiting from this are companies from the fields of chemicals and pharmaceuticals, personal care, food industries, energy production, biotechnology, analytics, diagnostics, medical technology and sensor development. Our interdisciplinary teams of experts work out innovative solutions in close co-operation with the customer in order to open up market opportunities and new areas of business for them.
ISSYS provides a variety of foundry services for 4" diameter wafers, with an emphasis on high quality and fast turnaround times. ISSYS' services include single-step processing, prototyping, full manufacturing and technical consulting. Product development capabilities include sensor design, electronics design, packaging design, process development, and manufacturing.
Offers design and processing services for MEMS devices, specializing in the ability to process non-standard substrates and materials (such as plastics, ceramics, and quartz) and maskless photolithography capabilties.
A spin off from Corning IntelliSense, IntelliSense Software Corporation is the leading supplier of CAD tools for MEMS. Its IntelliSuite family of CAD for MEMS is used by corporations worldwide. With customers in 17 countries on three continents, and partnerships with dozens of leading MEMS research institutes worldwide, IntelliSense Software is the leading innovator in MEMS design and development. In addition, IntelliSense Software provides design and consulting services for MEMS.
The book first gives brief information about the microfabrication techniques used in the MEM systems in general. Then it explains the physics and operation of the MEM devices. This device physics part is generally dedicated to components used in RF MEMS. After explaining the physics the author gives the RF MEM devices one by one, explain the RF functioning of them, and give the RF performance and comparison data for whom interested in the RF side of the subject. In general the book is a good starting point for a person who is interested in the RF MEMS subject.
iSLI is a public sector research institute providing R&D services in silicon MEMS and it's integration into higher functionality systems. We offer access to particular expertise in Si MEMS, photonic microsystems and system integration. With our strategic alliances to research and foundry providers we can support your development needs from concept to medium scale production.
it4ip supplies prototype, pilot and small volumes of engineered nanomembranes, supported structures and nano-objects (nanotemplates) using our track etching technologies (creation of true pores within polymeric films or supported layers).
Services for Semiconductor Process Tools. PE, RIE & PECVD. We build new systems, repair damaged vacuum process tools and refurbish older plasma process systems. We upgrade and automate, too! We are the west coast rep. for RFVII RF Generators and Matching Networks and Tek-Temp Instruments Heat Exchangers and Precision Chillers.
Finite Element Modeling (FEM) based Process Simulation, Design Analysis and R&D. Kaizen can work with your R&D team to develop a suitable model for your processes and reduce your cycle-time. Offer total solutions in Manufacturing, Engineering, Design Analysis, Process Simulation and R&D. We are equipped with a full-fledged Design and R&D Centre in Bangalore, an advanced Manufacturing Unit in Hyderabad, India and with our USA office based at Edison, NJ.
Our actuators are based on microfabricated torsional resonators [5], rectangular grids etched out of single-crystal silicon [6] and suspended by two rods that act as torsional springs. When an AC voltage is applied between grid and adjacent electrodes, the grid oscillates at resonance frequencies in the high kHz range. The edges of the grid reach deflections of several micrometers.
Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe is one of the biggest science and engineering research institutions in Europe and funded jointly by the Federal Republic of Germany and the State of Baden-Wuerttemberg. Its research and development program is embedded in the superordinate program structure of the Hermann von Helmholtz Association of National Research Centers and concentrates on the five research areas of Structure of Matter, Earth and Environment, Health, Energy, and Key Technologies.
Kebaili Corporation manufactures compact instruments for electrodeposition, such as (direct current) DC plating, pulse plating, and periodic reverse pulse plating controllers, specifically designed for MEMS and nanotechnology applications.
Keteca USA is the leading manufacturer of wafer dicing surfactant. We also manufacture dicing saw blades and a new spin on wafer protector that comes off in a heated DI rinse after saw.
Kleindiek Nanotechnik is a young, customer oriented high-tech company. With an innovative and powerful driving concept we are entering new space in micro- and nano-positioning.
Due to miniaturisation in semiconductor technology, optics, micro-mechanics, medicine, gene- and bio-technology, highly precise positioning techniques are becoming increasingly important. Our products meet and exceed customer's requirements, offering them a new level of precision.
Laserod is a Precision Micromachining Laser Job Shop with System Integration: We scribe, drill, mark, and cut thin materials; plus pattern ITO, and trim resistors. Our tolerances are to one micron and laser cutting edge to 5 microns with cut or hole depth to 1,000 microns on any material (except glass). Specializing in silicon MEMS device cutting & drilling by laser.
Customer-specified development and production of microsystem/MEMS based products, i.e. integrated optics and microfluidics for (OEM) customers in Telecom, Industrial Process Control, Life Sciences and Space. LioniX is the result of the joining of forces of Lion Photonix Technologies BV (2001) and 3T Micro Systems Technology (1988) in 2002 and is particularly experienced in integrated optics based telecom devices and Lab-on-a-chip systems.
The Liu Research (MASS) group at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign performs groundbreaking research in all aspects of the emerging technology of Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS). This includes microfluidics, bioMEMS, optical MEMS, polymer MEMS, photonics, nanolithography, RF MEMS, CAD, simulation, advanced sensors, and basic fabrication. We take designs from "substrates to systems" and perform all fabrication locally at the UIUC Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory. The group is organized under the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and headed by Dr. Chang Liu.
R&D on RF MEMS. Technology, Design and Test for microwave and millimeter wave MEMS: membrane supported filters and antennas, switches, phase shifters, magnetically tunable resonators.
McGuinness & Manaras LLP is an intellectual property law firm providing services in the area of copyrights, trademarks and patents. We have technical expertise in the semiconductor area.
MedMarket Diligence has published a business report detailing the technologies, products, companies and markets in the medical application of nanotechnology and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). The report assesses the status of development of a wide range of technologies with clinical application and assesses their short to medium term market impact. MedMarket Diligence serves the interest of companies, investors and others with a stake in the medical technology industry.
Offers EM3DS, a full-wave simulation tool, fully 3D yet tailored for quasi-planar structures, suitable for EM analysis of MEMS, in particular MEMS switches. It uses a new MoM-based approach (Generalized Transverse Resonance-Diffraction GTRD), claimed to avoid the aspect-ratio limits of finite elements techniques. 60-day trial version free for download, as well as a completely free (but functionally limited) version.
MEMC is a leading global supplier of wafers to the semiconductor industry. Wafers are the fundamental building block on which nearly all microelectronic applications are made. These applications, or “devices”, make possible the Internet and electronic commerce, computers, consumer electronics, automobiles, telecommunications, industrial automation and control systems, and analytical and defense systems.
The MEMS and Nanotech forum is a live forum open to all MEMS and Nanotech professionals or students to post questions and ideas or show off their work for feedback. Regional boards are available to help groups form for Microtech discussions. Technical specialty groups are taking shape for groups of people working in similar fields.
This is a 1994 study by the Japanese Technology Evaluation Center (JTEC) and its companion World Technology Evaluation Center (WTEC) at Loyola College.
The MEMS Industry Group (MIG) is the premier trade association representing the MEMS and Microstructure industries. Our mission is to try to understand and to eliminate the barriers that prevent the greater commercial use of MEMS and MEMS-enabled technology.
MEMS Insight provides technical, business, and strategic consulting to client companies ranging from startups to multinational corporations. Services range from assistance in device design, layout, process strategy, fabrication advice and liason with foundries -- to assistance in generating new concepts and IP -- to providing independent survey look at markets, competition, and business opportunities.
MEMS Investor Journal was founded in 2003, currently has 2500+ subscribers and is the only independent publication devoted to providing MEMS professionals with the latest developments in the rapidly growing MEMS industry.
MEMS Investor Journal publishes a free weekly newsletter that is specifically designed for professionals working in the areas of MEMS, sensors and microsystems and features top MEMS stories from 7000+ sources worldwide, interviews with MEMS industry leaders as well as coverage of the latest MEMS related patents and patent applications.
MEMS Precision Instruments does leading edge research and development of techniques in MEMS. At the present time MEMS PI is focusing on compliant mechanisms for microrobotics.
The mission of this program is to investigate and apply methods and processes that support the fabrication of devices with specific commercial applications in mind and to train students in processes and procedures that are encountered in industry.
Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) research at Case Western Reserve University is an interdisciplinary effort comprising faculty, staff, visiting scholars, and students from four academic departments. Our group brings together experts in all facets of MEMS -- design, modeling, fabrication, materials, devices (sensors, actuators, and electronics), and applications -- to address the critical scientific and technological issues for advancing MEMS.
These links are intended to be front doors into the various research organizations. In some cases, it will be necessary to browse a number of pages at a given site to find detailed descriptions of specific MEMS programs. This list is not exhaustive, and it is continually being updated.
MEMSConcepts.com is the worldwide MEMS and Nanotechnology idea-exchange platform, where MEMS innovators and idea seekers meet to network and build strategic alliances, find licensing, funding or commercialization opportunities, follow the latest cutting-edge research trends, or get inspiration.
Mentor Graphics® is a technology leader in electronic design automation (EDA), providing software and hardware design solutions that enable companies to develop better electronic products faster and more cost-effectively. The company offers innovative products and solutions that help engineers overcome the design challenges they face in the increasingly complex worlds of board and chip design. Mentor Graphics has the broadest industry portfolio of best-in-class products and is the only EDA company with an embedded software solution.
MESA+ is one of the largest nanotechnology research institutes in the world, delivering competitive and successful high quality research. It uses a unique structure, which unites scientific disciplines, and builds fruitful international cooperation to excel in science and education. MESA+ has created a perfect habitat for start-ups in the micro- and nano-industry to establish and to mature.
We manufacture and sell thin film analytical instruments that measure physical, optical, and thermal properties of thin film materials that are used in MEMS fabrication.
Bartlomiej F. Romanowicz/Hardcover/Published 1998. Over the past two decades, technologies for microsystems fabrication have made considerable progress. This has made possible a large variety of new commercial devices ranging, for example, from integrated pressure and acceleration microsensors to active micromirror arrays for image projection. In the near future, there will be a number of new devices, which will be commercialized in many application areas.
The field of microsystems is characterized by its wide diversity, which requires a multidisciplinary approach for design and processes as well as in application areas. Although there is a common technological background derived from integrated circuits, it is clear that microsystems will require additional application-specific technologies. Since most microsystem technologies are based on batch processing and dedicated to mass production, prototyping is likely to be an expensive and time-consuming step. It is recognized that standardization of the processes as well as of the design tools will definitely help reduce the entry cost of microsystems. This creates a very challenging situation for the design, modeling and simulation of microsystems.
Methodology for the Modeling and Simulation of Microsystems is the first book to give an overview of the problems associated with modeling and simulation of microsystems. It introduces a new methodology, which is supported by several examples. It should provide a useful starting point for both scientists and engineers seeking background information for efficient design of microsystems.
Conducted by Professor M. Elwenspoek, MicMec is part of the MESA Research Institute at the University of Twente, The Netherlands. It is one of the leading groups in the world in the field of MicroSystem Technology (MST) in general and MEMS in particular.
Micralyne develops and manufactures microfabricated and MEMS-based components. Micralyne provides OEM manufacturing for several industries including communications, automotive, and biomedical applications. Its MEMS solutions include lab-on-a-chip devices, sensors, and optical switch systems. Micralyne has developed core competencies in several specialized fields including micromachining, thin film technologies, microfluidics, and associated characterization and assembly capabilities.
Web Pages of Karl Böhringer contain information, papers, and animations about manipulation strategies with microfabricated actuator arrays. The electrostatic actuators are fabricated in a single-crystal silicon etching and metallization (SCREAM) process. They were built in the National Nanofabrication Facility at Cornell University.
Benjamin W. Chui/Hardcover/Published 1998. Microcantilevers for Atomic Force Microscope Data Storage describes a research collaboration between IBM Almaden and Stanford University in which a new mass data storage technology was evaluated. This technology is based on the use of heated cantilevers to form submicron indentations on a polycarbonate surface, and piezoresistive cantilevers to read those indentations.
Microcantilevers for Atomic Force Microscope Data Storage describes how silicon micromachined cantilevers can be used for high-density topographic data storage on a simple substrate such as polycarbonate. The cantilevers can be made to incorporate resistive heaters (for thermal writing) or piezoresistive deflection sensors (for data readback).
The primary audience for Microcantilevers for Atomic ForceMicroscope Data Storage is industrial and academic workers in the microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) area. It will also be of interest to researchers in the data storage industry who are investigating future storage technologies.
MicroChem Corp. (MCC) develops, manufactures, sells, and supports specialty niche chemicals for semiconductor/IC, thin film head, and other electronic manufacturing applications. The primary focus is photosensitive materials, such as photoresists, and other ancillary products. MCC technology consists of proprietary and non-proprietary products requiring state-of-the-art technical expertise, high reproducibility, high product cleanliness, and specialty microfiltration.
A newsletter covering all of the technologies used for projection and virtual display based applications, including MEMS technology for reflective display devices.
Information on research conducted at The University of Texas at Austin by Dr. Dean P. Neikirk into optical pressure sensors, magnetic proximity sensors, and the use of MEMS technology for "smart" mechanical bearings can be found here.
Provides MEMS foundry services for large and small volumes (4" and 6" wafer processing). Applied technologies are bulk- and surface micromachining including silicon deep trench etching (DRIE, Bosch Process), wafer bonding, thin film depositions, and 3D microforming.
Mark R. Hornung and Oliver Brand/Hardcover/Published 1999. Micromachined Ultrasound-Based Proximity Sensors presents a packaged ultrasound microsystem for object detection and distance metering based on micromachined silicon transducer elements. It describes the characterization, optimization and the long-term stability of silicon membrane resonators as well as appropriate packaging for ultrasound microsystems.
Micromachined Ultrasound-Based Proximity Sensors describes a cost-effective approach to the realization of a micro electro mechanical system (MEMS). The micromachined silicon transducer elements were fabricated using industrial IC technology combined with standard silicon micromachining techniques. Additionally, this approach allows the cointegration of the driving and read-out circuitry. To ensure the industrial applicability of the fabricated transducer elements intensive long-term stability and reliability tests were performed under various environmental conditions such as high temperature and humidity.
Great effort was undertaken to investigate the packaging and housing of the ultrasound system, which mainly determine the success or failure of an industrial microsystem. A low-stress mounting of the transducer element minimizes thermomechanical stress influences. The developed housing not only protects the silicon chip but also improves the acoustic performance of the transducer elements.
The developed ultrasound proximity sensor system can determine object distances up to 10 cm with an accuracy of better than 0.8 mm.
Micromachined Ultrasound-Based Proximity Sensors will be of interest to MEMS researchers as well as those involved in solid-state sensor development.
Sells golf shirts, t-shirts, mugs, computer goodies and more for the high-tech individual. Mems and NanoTechnology gifts for the high tech professional.
Micromanipulator manufactures a full range of accessories from low cost probe tips to manipulators, thermal chucks and accommodates OEM test equipment. Micromanipulator is at the forefront of emerging technologies used in the Semiconductor Industry such as sub-micron probing, copper oxide, double-sided backside, MEMs, Bio-MEMS Tools and stations, vacuum prober, and testhead prober. Micromanipulator; Analytical Probing for ProfessionalsTM Tel: 775-882-7377
A company specialized in the rapid prototyping of microfluidic glass and silicon devices. Micronit holds IP rights on IP generated at the MESA+ research institute and offers prototyping services to customers all over the world.
The Microsensor & Actuator Technology Berlin (MAT) is part of the research unit "Microperipheric Technologies" of the Technical University of Berlin http://www.tu-berlin.de and was founded in 1987. Prof. Dr.-Ing. E. Obermeier http://www-mat.ee.tu-berlin.de/staff/e_obermeier.html is the head of the MAT. Today more than 30 research scientists http://www-mat.ee.tu-berlin.de/staff/personen.html are working on the field of sensor and actuator development. Main topics are the development and realization of sensors for measurement of pressure, force, acceleration, temperature, humidity, gas flow and gas concentration. Modern computer aided design methods like FEA http://www-mat.ee.tu-berlin.de/service/simulation.html are used to optimize the sensor characteristic. The cleanroom facilities http://www-mat.ee.tu-berlin.de/service/simulation.html include standard CMOS processes and numerous special processes, e.g. anisotropic etching, electrochemical etching and anodic bonding. Computer controlled test systems are used to characterize the devices.
The Microsystems Center Bremen (MCB) is an R&D centre providing services in the fields of microsystems, microelectronics, power semiconductors and optoelectronics. Its main focus is in the modelling, simulation, development and manufacturing of micro systems and the design of analogue and digital circuits, in particular for biomedical, automotive and environmental applications. The technologies available at MCB range from silicon and special material micro structuring over semiconductor epitaxy, micro forming and additive techniques to assembly technologies and micro components packaging.
microTEC offer the customer specific development and contract manufacturing of components, microsystems and microstructures, as prototyping as well as batch production.
MMD has no internal products, providing the customer with complete confidence that intellectual property is secure and will never find its way into other competing products. MMD targets emerging to medium production volumes ranging from thousands to a few million devices per application.
MISTIC is a planar process compiler for thin-film and micromachined devices. This tool automatically generates fabrication process flows starting from a two-dimensional geometrical device description. The synthesis method used is based on topological sorting techniques which find all possible flows for the device. An optimal flow is selected which maximizes the device yield.
Microsystems Technology Laboratories (MTL) is an interdepartmental laboratory that supports Microsystems research encompassing work in circuits and systems, MEMS, electronic and photonic devices, and molecular and nanotechnology. Our research is enabled by a set of shared experimental facilities, as well as a vibrant industrial consortium. Annually, MTL supports the research of 350 students and staff who are sponsored by contracted research of more than $40M.
Montco has a large diverse inventory of silicon wafers in stock at all times. They provide 2" to 300mm diameter wafers in silicon as well as other materials, bare or with custom films.
The MOSIS Fabrication Service of USC/Information Sciences Institute is a prototyping service for standard cell and full-custom VLSI circuit development. MOSIS is in the process of expanding their service to include MEMS devices.
We’re scientists. We’re artists. Most of all, we are a global communications leader, powered by, and driving, seamless mobility. Motorola is revolutionizing broadband, embedded systems and wireless networks – bringing cutting-edge technologies into your everyday life, with style.
Innovative x-ray components and optical polarizers x-ray products and optical polarizers
MOXTEK®, Inc. was founded in 1986 with technology jointly developed with Brigham Young University. Today, MOXTEK is a leader in the development and manufacturing of X-ray and optical components. Moxtek is well known for advanced technology, innovative solutions, and excellent customer service.
Innovative Ph.D. provides consulting in chemistry and materials science, including inorganic chemistry, polymers, ceramics, metals. Expertise in developing chemical mechanical planarization slurries for MEMS-related applications.
The Nano Science and Technology Institute is an interdisciplinary consultancy focusing on all aspects of nanotechnology. NSTI assists industrial, academic and governmental organizations realize their technology objectives through our successful research and development team. NSTI produces the annual Nanotech conference and trade show, the largest international nanotechnology convention in the world.
Nano-Tsunami is an Independent non-profit European based NanoTech News Portal offering daily headline news about the emerging MNT, micro- mems- and nanotechnology industry, from all around the globe, as well as forthcoming NanoTech products as and when they emerge.
NANO-MASTER manufactures single wafer PECVD, MOCVD, RIE, Deep RIE, Sputtering, and Megasonic Cleaning tools for MEMS applications. NANO-MASTER also distributes HA-701 ultrasonic fault detection and Sawatec resist spinners and pumps.
NN-Labs provides high-quality nanocrystals and nanocrystal based products to researchers and industry around the world. Our nanocrystals are offered in a wide range of wavelengths and in large quantities for the lowest prices available.
RF MEMS and nanotechnology research, consulting and education. RFIC design and RF device modeling. CMOS and BiCMOS RF MEMS design. Technical assistance to entities developing RandD proposals. Technical assessment of business plans and opportunities on behalf of entrepreneurs or venture capital firms.
Nanonex offers nanoimprint lithography (NIL) tools, resists, masks and consulting which are all being used in both research and manufacturing by industry and academia. Nanonex's NIL products offer sub-10 nm features, 3D patterns, large area uniformity, accurate overlay alignment, high-throughput, and low cost. The Nanonex NIL solution includes all forms of nanoimprinting, such as thermal plastic, uv-curable, thermal curable, and direct imprinting (embossing).
The information resource for particle technology. Use this site for finding meetings and conferences, particle suppliers and standards, particle-based materials, particle characterizatioan instruments, particle and dispersion processing and manufacturing equipment and services, publications, primers, the Encyclopedia of Particle Technology, courses, workshops, consultants, and a wide variety of related links important in particle technology.
A new approach within advanced graphics simulations is presented for the problem of nano-assembly automation and its application for medicine. The problem under study concentrates its main focus on nanorobot control design for assembly manipulation and the use of evolutionary agents as a suitable way to enable the robustness on the proposed model.
At Nanoshift we advance emerging technologies by dynamically developing concepts into reality. We provide research and development services in Bio-MEMS, MEMS, Micro and Nanotechnology. Our vision is to bring excellence in scientific advancement, application and commercialization of novel concepts.
Our core business ranges from developing and prototyping to producing SPM sensors, SNOM sensors microgrippers and micromechanics for application in R&D, characterization of surface topography and process control.
The Department of Mechanical Engineering at National Cheng-Kung University (NCKU) has been established since 1931, and is the oldest and the most renowned mechanical engineering institutes in Taiwan. Our alumni and alumnus occupy important positions in Taiwan’s industries, business, and governmental institution. In addition, numerous faculty members of Taiwan and world’s leading universities are also graduated from this department. A local survey reveals that alumni from NCKU have being the most welcome employees by Taiwan business companies. Each year, 150 undergraduate students, 171 master students (including 20 part-time students), and 60 Ph.D. students are enrolled in this department each year. Currently, this department is consisted of 47 full time professors, 11 adjunct professors, 600 undergraduates, 300 master students, and 150 Ph.D. students.
From automated teller machines and atomic clocks to mammograms and semiconductors, innumerable products and services rely in some way on technology, measurement, and standards provided by the National Institute of Standards and Technology.
Founded in 1901, NIST is a non-regulatory federal agency within the U.S. Commerce Department's Technology Administration. NIST's mission is to promote U.S. innovation and industrial competitiveness by advancing measurement science, standards, and technology in ways that enhance economic security and improve our quality of life.
The ATP's mission is to stimulate U.S. economic growth by developing high risk and enabling technologies through industry-driven cost-shared partnerships.
Die and mask handling tools, vacuum wands, tweezers, vacuum pumps, tubing, and other precision parts Handling kits, ESD safe products and tweezers for 300mm wafer handling are also available.
The Microelectronics Fabrication Center provides design, fabrication, and fast-prototyping services of MEMS, BioMEMS, biometrics sensor arrays, chemical sensors, and microfluidic devices. Class-10 and Class-1000 cleanrooms are equipped for processing of 3-, 4-, 5-, and 6-inch wafers. Using cutting-edge microfabrication technologies MFC acts as an interface between industry and academia. Our team of engineers meets all requirements of excellence in the partnership with industry.
Provides design and fabrication services of MEMS devices in a number of application areas including SiOB for fiber optic communications, and microfluidic devices for bioanalysis.
The Microfabrication Laboratory (MFL) supports graduate and undergraduate education by providing access to microfabrication technology. The laboratory conducts microfabrication-related research, primarily in the area of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). In MEMS, the laboratory's areas of expertise include surface micromachining, with an emphasis on metal surface micromachining using the Northeastern University MEtal Micromachining (NUMEM) process and bulk micromachining including anisotropic etching and alloy bonding.
The College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering of the University at Albany is the first college in the world dedicated to the research, development and deployment of innovative nanoscience, nanoengineering, nanobioscience and nanoeconomics concepts. CNSE's Albany NanoTech complex - a $3.5 billion, 450,000-square-foot facility that has attracted over 250 global corporate partners - is the most advanced research complex of its kind at any university in the world.
For over 30 years, OAI has been a leader in process equipment for the semiconductor, MEMS, nanotechnology and microfluidic industries. Products include front and backside mask aligners, anodic wafer bonders, UV light sources, and UV exposure systems. Process assistance is available.
The Ohio MEMS Association, Inc. is a non-profit organization fostering public awareness of Micro-Electro-Mechanical-Systems (MEMS, or "microsystems") products. Our activities include:
Symposia on MEMS business and commercialization issues,
MEMS training and awareness programs, and
Technology cluster hosting for MEMS entrepreneurs.
The purpose of this project is to establish a statewide fabrication, design, and testing infrastructure capability for the new and growing field of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). MEMS devices are emerging as product performance differentiators in both commercial and defense markets such as automotive, aerospace, medical, industrial process control, electronic instrumentation, office equipment, appliances, and telecommunications. Integrated circuit technology (IC) has brought unprecedented computational power ever closer to the point of use. MEMS enables the development of smart products by providing the required interface between the available computational power and the physical world through the perception and control capabilities of sensors and actuators.
Produces high quality silicon wafers for MEMS / MOEMS and semiconductor industries. Product range includes SSP / DSP, epitaxial, Silicon on Insulator (SOI) and Silicon Carbide (SiC) wafers. For further information please contact us at sales@okmetic.com or visit our web site.
Olympus Industrial provides the complete range of Olympus microscopes including confocal laser scanning microscopy systems and DUV microscopes for MEMS visualization and 3D measurement.
Ommex provides innovative photonic microsystems using patented LED technology. Our products include high power UV LED modules with peak emissions as low as 260 nm. These products are ideal for lab-on-a-chip type applications. We also provide a full range of technical consulting services in the areas of bio-photonics, optics, micro-fluidics and micro-systems.
OptiSwitch Technology Corp. specializes in design, fabrication, and testing of high power semiconductor devices and optical systems using TSUPREM-4, MEDICI, SPICE, and ZEMAX models. Foundry services, available for up to 4-inch wafers with thicknesses up to 3000 microns, include double sided photolithography, POCl3 and BBr3 liquid source doping, high temperature diffusion, oxidation, wide range of wet processes, and aluminum metallization up to 25 microns. Metrology services include thin-film thickness measurement, 4-point probe measurement, C-V/C-T measurement, minority carrier lifetime and iron contamination mapping.
Supplies plasma etchers (RIE, ICP), PECVD equipment, RF sputterers and ion beam equipment to the photonics and MEMS markets. Supports customers all over the world and have a license to sell the 'Bosch' deep silicon process.
PELCHEM, the chemical division of Necsa, is focused on manufacturing and marketing a wide variety of high quality, advanced fluorochemicals and value added downstream products for the global fluorochemical industry.
We offer stock holding on our site for all our contracted customers. We support the principles and practices of safe handling of Fluoride Chemicals, from both the USA and European Technical Committees.
A database of mechanical properties of polycrystalline silicon. Also a collection of references for papers written since 1980 that report the mechanical properties of polycrystalline silicon is now available on the The Berkeley Sensor and Acuator Center http://bsac.eecs.berkeley.edu web site. There is also a collection of papers that report devices made by surface micromachined polycrystalline silicon.
PHANTOMS network allows a nanotechnology community building and integration within the European Research Area (ERA) and represents a "single entry point" for those seeking information about Nanotechnology and especially Nanoelectronics.
PhoeniX develops software for Micro System Technology to provide the bridge between the design team and the real clean room environment. The software facilitates the communication from design into production and back. Re-usability, validation, and quality improvement of information, from research to volume production, are the key factors for efficient MST product development and reducing the design/production cycle. PhoeniX introduces unique software tools that facilitate First Time Right design (FTR) for various application areas, including Integrated Optics, Micro Mechanics and Nano technologies.
Photomask manufacturer. Manufacturing lines include (but are not limited to) optical and linear encoders, decoders, reticles, scales, lenticular, Fresnel and other lenses, waveguides and filters. To complement its manufacturing lines, Photo Sciences has added three new Heidelberg laser writers to service the MEMS, photonics and nanotechnology communities.
Pragmatic Instruments is a San Diego-based manufacturer of Arbitrary Waveform Generators, Voltage Standards, MEMS Driver Systems, and other custom signal generation products for novel test applications.
Preciseley provides design, modeling/simulation and optimization of Optical MEMS devices, as well as microfabrication process development and device prototype.
PTI specializes in the refurbishment of Applied Materials Tools including the P5000, Centura, and Endura. We carry tens of thousands of used semiconductor equipment.
In this introductory chapter, the definition and history of tribology and their industrial significance are described, followed by origins and significance of an emerging field.
Profma produces and supplies polyimide film equivalent to Kapton HN,VN,FN, and has developed FN616 equivalent for market. See: http://www.profma.com/polyimide.htm
Profma has the only Chinese factory producing large NiZn ferrite magnets for research institutes or universities; particle, neutron and electron accelerators, also used in high pulse electricity systems. See: http://www.profma.com/baseterms.htm
A FEM analysis, and Process modeling company with interdesciplinary expertise in design and optimisation. Has experience with thermal, fluid, and mechanical analysis of micro / nano systems.
Protochips supplies design and fabrication services targeting the university, research, small-company and start-up markets. Our prototyping services are tailored to meet the needs of individual customers. We perform process development and fabrication, from small samples to 6" wafers, in a well-supported and professionally-managed cleanroom environment. Our materials experience includes silicon, GaAs, glass / quartz, polyimide, polysilicon, silicon nitride, spin-on-glass, and a variety of metals.
Provides design, development, and manufacturing of customer-specific MEMS. Capabilities include high aspect ratio silicon etching (Bosch- and cryo-process) and standard MEMS technologies. Main application fields are micro-fluidic systems, micro-optical devices (e.g. glas fiber coupler), and silicon tools for injection molding and hot embossing processes.
PVA TePla America is a leading supplier of gas plasma treatment systems and services for Semiconductor, Industrial and Medical applications. PVA TePla has successfully developed a plasma process to remove SU-8 by plasma ashing.
QUALCOMM MEMS Technologies (QMT) is bringing a revolutionary reflective flat-panel display (iMoD) to the consumer market. Using MEMS technology, iMoD displays employ interference! to generate color, providing a low-power, low-cost, color display without the use of a color filter, liquid crystal or TFT back-plane. QMT has facilities in Campbell, CA, San Diego, CA and Hsinchu, Taiwan.
Our solutions range from component to module level manufacturing. Our major focus is on automotive, medical and mobile applications. Our services include contract manufacturing services as well as sensor packaging solutions.e
Specializes in helping measurement and control businesses with market research, new product R&D, and market development. Has developed and marketed a number of industrial instruments that have made use of MEMS technology.
RFIC Solutions Inc. has designed MMIC's like LNA,PA,Mixer,Switches on 0.5µm E/D p-HEMT process.These IC's are available as IP Cores & can be modified to meet your specific requirements.
Rhetech is a Semitool company selling new and fully remanufactured semiconductor equipment and Semitool spray processors for MEM/s Nano fabrication ( flip chip packaging and microelectromechanical systems manufacturing).
Quick turnaround film deposition on wafer sizes up to 200mm. Rogue Valley Microdevices can provide you with high quality oxide and nitride films in our class 100 cleanroom.
Service Support Specialties, Inc. (S-cubed) designs and manufactures Photolithographic Process Tools, coat/develop/bake as well as Wafer and substrate cleaning systems. The systems are available as fully automated cassette to cassette robotic handling processors or as manually loaded systems.
Develops and manufactures a wide variety of unique deposition (PECVD), dry etching (RIE and ICP), and surface treatment systems (UV-Ozone Cleaners) for a worldwide network of major industrial customers and academic facilities. Provide process expertise and turnkey systems to major manufacturers in the compound semiconductor, optoelectronics, MEMS and other industries.
SAMLAB, standing for the Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems Laboratory, is part of the Institute of Microtechnology (IMT) of the University of Neuchâtel. SAMLAB is located on the premises of the technological center at Rue Jaquet-Droz 1, together with the "Centre Suisse d'Electronique et de Microtechique SA" (CSEM), as well as the newly established incubator NEODE.
SAMLAB has well-established expertise in micro- and nanotechnology. Multi-disciplinary research activities have encompassed many diverse applications from the life sciences to telecommunications. Microfabricated probes for atomic force and near field optical microscopy, micromechanical devices for optical fibre networks, discrete microsensors and miniaturised chemical analysis systems for environmental and clinical analyses, and micro-instrumentation for space research are examples of SAMLAB current research activities.
The enabling technology for the design and development of glass and quartz microfluidic devices and microbore flow cells, specialising in rapid prototyping and smaller scale production. The only company to successfully merge traditional glass and quartz engineering with microfabrication and thereby giving industry and academia access to a unique range of skills.
Every VLSI engineered at SCL holds the story within itself. Perhaps because it is not just getting manufactured in a plant but is born in a sensitive environment, where men and machines are all geared towards achieving excellence. SCL was set-up in 1983, in the green, unpolluted environs on the outskirts of Chandigarh - a city designed by the French architect Le Corbusier, just 250 kms northwest of the India's capital New Delhi. SCL is a wholly owned Govt. of India Enterprise. With its objective to design, develop and manufacture VLSI circuits and VLSI based systems and sub systems, and to create a strong R&D base, SCL entered into a technical collaboration with American Microsystems Inc. USA and in 1984 commenced commercial production in 5 micron CMOS technology. Through intensive in-house R&D efforts SCL developed and brought into production the next generation 3 micron, 2 micron, 1.2 micron, 0.8 micron CMOS as well as EEPROM and CCD technologies. Latest addition to its capability is the newly established state-of-the-art MEMS Fab facility.
Provides links to all manner of semiconductor and microsystems related information, including fabrication facilities, research activities, standards work, etc.
Vacuum coating systems. New, Remanufactured & Used (Pre-owned) systems for the MEMS and High-Tech Industries. Solutions to meet both your process and budget needs. Thin Film Coating Service and Process Development.
SemiProbe provides MEMS wafer level test systems that allow users to reduce the cost of the final product by only packaging Known Good Die. We have R & D, characterization and production test systems.
Semitool is a world leader in innovation and manufacturing of precision semiconductor manufacturing equipment. For over a quarter century, Semitool has delivered the most cost effective, innovative and robust production equipment for semiconductors. Semitool continues to be ‘technology that works’.
Sensortechnics offers a wide range of basic pressure sensors, rugged transmitters and customised pressure sensing systems from pressure ranges of 1 mbar up to 1000 bar as well as pressure switches, submersible sensors, force and flow sensors.
The European distributor for Prime-Test-Monitor wafers and special services. They provide 2" to 300mm diameter wafers in silicon, bare or with custom films.
The vision of SiGen is to become the leading provider of cost effective manufacturing solutions for advanced material substrates of exceptional specification for the microelectronic and photonic industries through the SiGen NanoTec™ suite of process technologies.
Sigma-Aldrich offers high-purity metals/salts, metal-organic deposition precursors, polymers, silicon wafers, single crystal substrates, fullerenes and low-k materials for your MEMS/NEMS needs. See us for your research and manufacturing needs.
Signatone Probing Division offers failure analysis probing equipment for MEMS and many other devices. Use our probe stations to view your MEMS, power them up and probe them.
Offers design, development and volume manufacturing of MEMS components primarily for customers in the telecommunication and life science markets. Specialties include bulk micromachining with etching, V-groove and DRIE, anodic, fusion, adhesive and solder bonding, surface micromachining with multilayer polysilicon, polyimide/BCB dielectrics for RF applications, and electroplating and electroless bumping of gold, nickel and solder tin. Components are developed and fabricated in state-of-the-art class 10-10000 cleanrooms using 4", 6" and 8" diameter wafers.
Connects semiconductor materials and custom foundry/fabrication technologies to technology and growth-oriented organizations for R&D or large-scale chip production.
Provides silicon, germanium, and gallium arsenide to address issues related to MEMS, ASIC, CMOS or multi-metals layer devices.
Offers process services including normal thin films, metalization, photolithography, ion implant, ion beam milling and epitaxy.
Supports manufacturers with contract commercial development marketing services.
Manufactures and distributes custom test and prime grade silicon wafers for the semiconductor industry. Services include wafer reclamation and recycling.
The simulation package SIMODE/QSIMODE contains complete simulation support for orientation dependent etching. It is developed by GEMAC mbH http://www.gemac-chemnitz.de/ and the University of Chemnitz.
SIMYX Technologies is a MEMS package design and development company located in Shanghai China. Our OCQFN package is well suited for Pressure Sensors, Accelerometers, Gyroscopes and Image Sensors.
A leading MEMS contract manufacturing and technology company, specializing in design, fabrication, packaging and productization services for the MEMS, Optics, Photonics, and Nanofabrication Markets.
SmallTech, LLC is a consulting company specializing in MEMS and Nanotechnology, providing companies with solutions for their technical, IP and business strategy challenges. On the technical side, SmallTech offers services to help with commercialization of new technologies, ranging from concept development, design, modeling and layout, to serving as a liaison with foundries from first prototyping to commercial production. On the strategic side, SmallTech performs market and business evaluations, as well as IP development, including IP evaluation, technology matching, and invention.
Manufactures optical and laser-based non-contact measuring systems. The automated and semi-automated 3D inspection tools are ideal for the surface profile analysis http://www.solarius-inc.com/html/mems.html of MEMS structures providing sub-micron accuracy.
Manufactures equipment for ultrasonic inspection of silicon-on-silicon or silicon-on-insulator wafers, with both have manual and automatic wafer handling systems.
South Bay Technology, Inc. Manufactures Materials Processing Equipment for applications in Electron Microscopy, Optical Microscopy, Metallography, Microelectronics and Single Crystal Processing. Products include wire saws and diamond wheel saws for precision cutting; lapping and polishing machines and fixturing for controlled surface preparation; 2 and 3 axis goniometers for orientation, cutting and polishing of single crystals; ion milling, dimpling, disc cutting and plasma cleaning systems for TEM sample preparation; ion beam sputter deposition and etching systems to prepare fine grain thin films for high resolution imaging using FESEM; plasma etching, reactive ion etching (RIE) and backside polishing systems for microelectronic processing; and high precision polishing systems for Nanotechnology applications.
SCME is a National Science Foundation grant funded regional educational center that creates curriculum for teachers in higher education that is used for teaching students about MEMS design and fabrication methods.
Equipment provider for MEMS and semiconductor manufacturing applications. Sells full line of processing equipment for MEMS manufacturing including wafer steppers, photoresist/SOD spin coat/develop tools, inspection systems, deposition tools and dry etch tools.
SupplyFrame is a free engineering search system for researching electronic components. SupplyFrame offers datasheets, cross-referencing, sources, lead times and prices for nearly 3M electronic components.
SSI's products include Wafer ID Exposure Systems and Rapid Thermal Annealers designed specifically for R&D and pre-production level processes for the *advanced materials, nanotechnology, MEMS and compound semiconductor markets.
Manufacturer of cassette-to-cassette cluster and single/batch loadlocked plasma etch and deposition systems, that can be configured with ICP, RIE, XeF2 and PECVD sources. Products include the market-leading ASE® deep silicon etch process for MEMS/MOEMS micromachining. STS offers worldwide customer support through a network of international service centres and agents.
Supplier of production and process technology for the semiconductor and related industries. For more than 10 years the company has successfully developed equipment for MEMS processing. SUSS products include coating developing systems, proximity lithography systems, substrate bonders, device bonders, wafer mounters and probe systems. Process assistance available on request.
Suzhou Dexlu Materials and Tech Co., Ltd is one of the biggest insulation material suppliers in China. Our main products include polyimide film (similar to Kapton HN), polyimide FEP film (similar to Kapton FN), polyimide adhesive tape, rigid laminated products (such as phenolic paper laminate sheet, phonelic cotton laminate sheet, G10/FR4 etc), and flexible laminate products (such us DMD, NMN, NHN etc.), which are widely used in electrical insulation from class B to class C. Also we can make all kinds of die-cut parts, gaskets, and mold parts according to your designs.
Supply the insulation materials with the best competitive quality and price such as Polyimide Film(similar to Kapton HN), Polyimide FEP Film (similar to Kapton FN), polyimide adhesive tape with silicone/acrylic (Kapton) , Rigid Laminated Products, Flexible Laminates, Mica Products, and Fiberglass Products, NMN, DMD, NHN, SMC, DMC, DIE-cut,G10/FR4, Prepreg DMD, Fiberglass sleeving and tubing,machined parts, die cuts, molded parts etc.
Large area deposition (up to 600x720 mm substrate size); 6" plasma etching, 6" lithography including coating/developing, metrology including SEM, surface roughness, optical measurement, etc. Also process development consultation.
Synopsys, Inc. (Nasdaq:SNPS) is a world leader in delivering semiconductor design software, intellectual property (IP), design for manufacturing (DFM) solutions and professional services that companies use to design systems-on-chips (SoCs) and electronic systems. The company’s products enable semiconductor, computer, communications, consumer electronics and other companies that develop electronic products to improve performance, increase productivity and achieve predictable success from systems to silicon.
TEGAM, Inc. offers flexible, modular MEMS driver solutions. Create a custom combination of precision signal generatiors, signal amplifiers, and signal creation software to fit your needs.
Provide quality testing equipment Fluke, Tektronix, TekNet, Hewlett Packard Electronics is a global provider of quality reconditioned electronic test instrumentation.
TekMark is a leading technology, marketing and strategic management consulting firm. We help technology and engineered product based companies grow through a variety of proven processes and programs focused on new business development, new product development, technology commercialization, channel management, technical research, competitive analysis and overall strategy development. Market, product and focus areas include MEMs devices, semiconductors, nanotechnology, electro-optics, photonics, sensors, thin-film processing equipment, metrology systems, test & measurement, and other similar devices and equipment.
Offers precision silicon wafer grinding and polishing at its state-of-the-art CMP Center. The Center routinely grinds and polishes wafers to submicron TTV for THAT's internal use, and is fully capable of providing the extremely tight tolerances needed for bonded wafer, dielectric isolation, MEMS, optical devices, and other precision technologies.
Since 1960 The Aerospace Corporation has operated a federally funded research and development center in support of national-security, civil and commercial space programs. We're applying the leading technologies and the brightest minds in the industry to meet the challenges of space.
The Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center (BSAC) is a NSF/Industry/University cooperative research center funded by the National Science Foundation and a consortium of corporations and government agencies. Since its foundation in 1986, BSAC has been devoted to research on sensors and miniature moving mechanical elements that take advantage of the remarkable progress made in IC technology.
The CMU MEMS Laboratory is developing miniature sensor and actuator systems made using batch-fabrication processes, especially integrated-circuit fabrication processes. This lab. is associated jointly with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE) http://www.ece.cmu.edu/ the Robotics Institutehttp://www.ri.cmu.edu/ part of the School of Computer Sciencehttp://www.cs.cmu.edu/ and the Institute for Complex Engineered Systems (ICES) http://www.ices.cmu.edu at Carnegie Mellon Universityhttp://www.cmu.edu/
This server contains information about the objectives of the DARPA/ETO MEMS program, the DARPA's vision statement for MEMS, details of the MEMS BAA and will soon contain summaries of DARPA funded MEMS research in various organizations.
This page centralizes information about the FAB's and research going on at the MTL at MIT, including research on MEMS at MIT and elsewhere. There is also a page announcing the next http://www-mtl.mit.edu/BAMS/seminar.html
This is a Nanotechnology blog dedicated to the continuing evolution and development of nanocrystals in chemistry, engineering, physics and biology. The blog is intended to be collegial in nature and a meeting point for those in academia and in industry to interact, discuss topics and applications, build collaborations and partnerships.
The Stanford CDR maintains information on a wide variety of research projects that include collaborative design, national studies on engineering education, and computational agent infrastructures for distributed collaborative engineering. There is also a DesignNet directory of design research services.
Offers a wide range of thin film foundry services such as coatings by sputtering and evaporation, dry etching using ion milling and RIE, wet etching and substrate dicing.
Designs and manufactures MEMS Supercritical CO2 Dryers solving post-wet-etch stiction problems. We offer a complete line of Supercritical CO2 dryers for processing MEMS devices on dies on up to 6"wafers.
Translume offers micromachining of fused silica and other materials using proprietary ultrafast laser and etching processes. Translume can provide optical and opto-mechanical design assistance, prototype development, and electro-mechanical integration.
Trikon Technologies provides plasma etch, PVD and CVD processing equipment for semiconductor wafers. Trikon's Omega DSi combines industry leading deep Si etch capability with high tool reliability for production.
In the 13 years since its founding, Trion has become a global leader in precision plasma etch and deposition technology. Trion offers innovative equipment customized for either lab or production applications. Our systems have been used for the processing of many materials from semiconductor devices to wafers up to 300mm in diameter. Trion's success has come from its investment in new processes, technical support, and customer service.
Custom MEMS contract manufacturer offering foundry services and turn-key product development, manufacturing, assembly, packaging and testing. Production of custom products: smart sensors, BioMEMS and Microfluidics, Optical MEMS and RF MEMS. Leadership for MEMS manufacturing with thick SOI DRIE bulk micromachining, and specific expertise in wafer stacking (eutectic, thermo-compression, anodic, SDB fusion bonding), and vacuum / wafer level packaging. Tronics offers product platforms for custom capacitive accelerometers and gyros, and ultra-miniature capacitive pressure sensors.
Provides technical guidance during the design and test process of a microsystem with regard to testability, test-pattern generation and fault simulation, testing and debugging.
Umech Technologies (Watertown, MA) is the leading provider of advanced instrumentation for 3-D MEMS motion analysis and dynamic surface metrology. Umech pioneered the first advanced MEMS motion analyzers (MMA) and possesses extensive application understanding on a wide range of MEMS devices.
One of the world's leading providers of wafer-level packaging, Unitive is dedicated to making semiconductors smaller, faster and lighter. With manufacturing facilities in Research Triangle Park, NC, and Hsinchu, Taiwan, Unitive partners with customers to meet their specific needs through innovative deployment of technologies, designed to speed time-to-market and lower costs. Unitive services include multi-level passivation and thin film wiring, solder bumping and chip scale packaging. Unitive is a subsidiary of Amkor Technology, Inc. one of the world's largest providers of contract semiconductor assembly and test services.
With our fabrication knowledge, experience and C-MOS capability we can offer a wide range of services (development, training, lithography, deposition, doping, bonding, dicing, metrology, etc.). Our staff is highly disciplined and dedicated to the quality and quick turn around time of your product.
The Microelectronics Center at Southampton University has been in existence now for about 20 years. Sensors research has always been a key point of our activity and in the last 15 years micromachined "MEMS" devices have formed an important research area. We have made a variety of micromachined devices in collaboration with other University researchers and Industry.
Virginia Semiconductor, Inc. (VSI) is a leading manufacturer of prime silicon substrates. Production quantities of 1-150mm diameter silicon, and small quantities of custom-silicon substrates are manufactured at VSI. SOI substrates are the fastest growing VSI product; VSI offers 100mm, 150mm, 25.4mm, 50.8mm, and 76.2mm diameter SOI manufactured by silicon wafer bonding. As always, VSI can actually make any silicon wafer to any specification and continues to supply small, complicated orders to valued customers. Many VSI customers require double-side-polished silicon wafers. Crystal growth, grinding, slicing, lapping, polishing, oxidation, and SOI are all in-house manufacturing activities being achieved at our Fredericksburg, Virginia facility.
VTI Technologies is a world leader in the design and manufacture of motion and pressure sensors. Our extensive experience in demanding applications for the automotive industry and high-volume production places strict quality demands also on sensors we produce for other industries.
Unlimited scope of applications Sensors designed and manufactured by VTI Technologies measure acceleration, motion, shock, vibration, inclination and pressure. The application areas of our solutions range from the automotive industry and other moving machinery to a wide range of terminal devices, medical equipment manufacture and the sports and leisure industries.
The Washington Technology Center (WTC) hosts the Pacific Northwest's largest public micro fabrication laboratory. The lab is a critical research and development facility for primary-stage product development and product manufacturing. Some of the technology developed in our lab includes fiber optic medical imaging and micro miniature retinal scanning displays.
weber Sensors Inc. is a manufacturer of flow meters and flow switches for air or liquid medium. The "flow-captors" and "vent-captors" are solid state with no moving parts, can measure very low flow rates as well as high ones, and can monitor temperature as well as flow.
William Andrew Publishing provides applied science references, handbooks, and databases in several subject areas of interest to the MEMS and Nanotechnology audience, including the latest release (MEMS: A Practical Guide to Design, Analysis, and Applications.)
MEMS Related Web Sites (over 100), Journals, Books, Clubs, Companies, and Consulting Help. This web page provides resources in MEMS, MST, Micromechanics, Micro Machines, Nano Devices, and small Micro Electro Mechanical Systems.
Williams offers packaging materials for hermetic packages used for MEMS. We are a manufacturer of a wide variety of lead-free solder preforms, metal ribbons and bonding wire. We also offer hermetic lids with pre-attached solder preforms, including our metal Como-Lids and optical window Visi-Lids.
Wise Tool offers illustrated reference and technical e-books, such as the tool die design hand book of high speed precision metal stamping, a step by step guide to high speed stamping tool design, and others.
XACTIX is the leading supplier of xenon difluoride silicon etch equipment and etching services, providing an ideal solution for releasing MEMS and MOEMS devices. The XACTIX etch is an isotropic, highly selective, dry, gas phase etch, providing substantial benefits over wet or plasma etch processes.
XLT has over 50,000 line items of surplus equipment and spare parts in stock. We serve the semiconductor, nanotechnology, and microelectronics industries with new, used, and refurbished processing equipment.
Worldwide leading manufacturer of high volume laser micromachining equipment for semiconductor applications. Current applications include dicing and scribing of silicon, drilling of vias at high speed, and machining of unique structures in semiconductor materials.
Yole Developpement is a market research and strategy consulting company, specializing in: - MEMS & Nanotechnologies, - Compound semiconductors & optoelectronics, - Equipment and materials for the production of semiconductor devices, - Life sciences instrumentation. Yole Developpement offers various kinds of services: - Custom market research and technology/strategy analysis. - Marketing and communication services through MicroNews (free monthly magazine). - Market reports. Founded in 1998, Yole Developpement is now the world leader in the analysis of the microtechnologies and compound semiconductors markets. Each day, Yole Developpement's team of 18 consultants is in contact with worldwide key industrial companies, R&D institutes and investors in order to help them to understand the markets and technology trends. In its analysis, Yole Developpement takes into account the complete value chain including materials and equipment suppliers, device & system manufacturers and device users. Each month, Yole Developpement edits a free monthly magazine dealing with the noteworthy news of its core competence domains: MEMS, Nano, Compounds Semiconductor, Optics & Instrumentation for Life Sciences. Feel free to register. Contact information: David Jourdan, Sales Administration & Communication Manager, jourdan@yole.fr or +33 472 830 190
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Principle of the nano-microscope for ultrafast processes
MPQ
International team of scientists proposes new ultramicroscope for nanostructures, allowing for the direct and non-invasive measurement of ultrafast processes on attosecond timescales with high spatial and temporal resolution. Metallic nanostructures, consisting of a few thousand atoms, exhibit optical and electronic properties which are not present in extended solid state systems. The interaction of electromagnetic radiation (light) with nanoparticles leads to collective, coherent oscillations of electrons (so called surface plasmons). A team of scientists from the Georgia State University (Atlanta, Georgia, USA), the Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics in Garching (MPQ), and the Ludwig Maximilians University at Munich (LMU) have now proposed a new microscope that allows for the first time to resolve the ultrafast dynamics of plasmonic fields with high spatial and temporal resolution (Nature Photonics, advance online publication September 3rd, 2007). In particular, applications in optical and optoelectronical information processing, transfer, and storage would benefit from a better understanding of these collective excitations. Furthermore, this ultramicroscope would have applications in the spectroscopy of single (bio)-molecules, where nanoparticles act as antennas for light interaction.
Without deeper insight, the makers of colored glass vases in ancient Rome or church windows in the middle ages have already used the properties of metallic nanoparticles to their advantage. The shiny red color was achieved by adding gold dust to the glass melt. The origin of this effect is understood by specialists today: nanoparticles, i.e. particles with extensions in the range from a few to 100 nanometers - less than the wavelength of visible light (ca. 400 - 800 nanometers) - consist of as little as a few thousand atoms. If such a particle is exposed to visible light, the freely moving conduction electrons are displaced by the light's electric field. Since the structure is small, they are not moving very far, but alternate being bunched on one side or the other. This way, the electrons are moving collectively in synchronized coherent oscillations. Such oscillations have particle character and are called surface plasmons. The red color of ancient Roman vases and old church windows is based on the absorption of part of the visible light by the gold nanoparticles, which is converted into plasmons. Then the residual light shines in the complementary colors. "Plasmons create very high electromagnetic fields at the nanoparticle and its direct environment. But how these fields are created and how they decay is not understood in detail. The fastest dynamics of the collective motions takes place in only a few hundred attoseconds (1 attosecond is a billionth of a billionth of a second) and belongs therefore to the fastest processes in nature," explains Dr. Matthias Kling, Junior Research Group leader at MPQ. A new method to resolve the dynamics of plasmonic fields with the highest temporal and spatial precision has been suggested by the theoretical physicist Prof. Mark Stockman (Georgia State University at Atlanta, Georgia, USA) together with experimental physicists from LMU and MPQ in Germany. In their model (see figure), the scientists simulated a geometric assembly of silver nanoparticles on a surface, which are then excited by an (extremely short) few femtosecond pulse (a femtosecond is a millionth of a billionth of a second). The interaction with the light-pulse -- consisting of only a few oscillation periods -- leads to the formation of plasmonic fields, whose amplitudes and frequencies (between the near infrared and near ultraviolet) depend on the size, shape, and environment of the nanoparticles. The plasmon dynamics is probed by a 170 attosecond, extreme ultraviolet laser pulse incident on the nanosystem that is synchronized with the excitation pulse and releases electrons. The plasmonic fields are monitored by the energy and spatial distribution of these so called photoelectrons as they were - prior to their detection - accelerated by these fields.
"In our suggested approach we combine two techniques, which are by themselves already state-of-the-art: the photoemission electron microscope, also called PEEM, and the attosecond streak camera," explains Prof. Ulf Kleineberg from LMU. "This way we obtain a spatial resolution, which is on the order of the dimension of the nanoparticles between a few ten to hundred nanometers, and achieve simultaneously -- due to the use of attosecond light flashes -- the extremely high time resolution in the attosecond domain. The measurement principle lays the foundation to measure the formation and temporal evolution of these fields and to control them by specifically shaped laser pulses in the future." Generally the nanoplasmonic ultramicroscope would allow for the first direct observation of ultrafast processes in nanosystems, such as the conversion of sunlight into electrical energy. The authors see future applications of the technique particularly in the development of novel devices, in which localized nanoplasmonic fields replace electrons in conventional electronics, i.e. are used for information transfer, processing, and storage. "The advantage would be that plasmons in these nanosystems allow for information processing and transfer at much higher frequencies (ca. 100,000 times) as compared to electrons in solid state systems. This way, extremely fast optoelectronic and optical devices for computations and information processing may be realized."[O.M.]
Original Publication: M.I. Stockmann, M.F. Kling, U. Kleineberg and F. Krausz "Attosecond nanoplasmonic field microscope" Nature Photonics, advance online publication September 3rd, 2007
Contacts:
Prof. Mark Stockman Department of Physics and Astronomy Georgia State University University Plaza, Atlanta, GA 30303-3083, USA Phone: +16784574739 Fax: +14046511427 E-mail: mstockman@gsu.edu www.phy-astr.gsu.edu/stockman
Dr. Matthias F. Kling JRG "Attosecond Imaging" Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Hans-Kopfermann-Str. 1, 85748 Garching Phone: +49 - 89 / 32905 234 Fax: +49 - 89 / 32905 649 E-mail: matthias.kling@mpq.mpg.de www.attoworld.de/junresgrps/attosecimaging.html
Prof. Dr. Ulf Kleineberg Department of Physics LMU Munich Am Coulombwall 1, 85748 Garching Phone: +49 - 89/289-14003 Fax: +49 - 89/289-14141 E-mail: ulf.kleineberg@physik.uni-muenchen.de www.attoworld.de
Prof. Dr. Ferenc Krausz Director, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Chair of Experimental Physics, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich Phone: +49 - 89 / 32905 612 Fax: +49 - 89 / 32905 649 E-mail: ferenc.krausz@mpq.mpg.de www.attoworld.de, www.munich-photonics.de
Dr. Olivia Meyer-Streng Press & Public Relations Office Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics Phone: +49 - 89 / 32905 213 Fax: +49 - 89 / 32905 200 E-mail: olivia.meyer-streng@mpq.mpg.de
URL dieser Pressemitteilung: http://idw-online.de/pages/de/news223647
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ساخت نانوبایو ذره برای دارورسانی هوشمند توسط محققان کشور / استفاده از ژن درمانی در بهبود سرطانهای زنان
محققان دانشکده داروسازی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی توانسته اند در روش ژن درمانی در محیط آزمایشگاه با استفاده همزمان از ژن درمانی و فناوری نانو با ساخت یک نانو بایو ذره (Nano Bio Particle) و دارورسانی هوشمند موفقیت زیادی در از میان بردن سرطان ریه بدست آورند.
معاون غذا و داروی دانشکده داروسازی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی در گفتگو با خبرنگار مهر افزود: کاری که آزمایشگاه کشت سلولی دانشکده داروسازی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی انجام شده به صورت همزمان در دو بخش ژن درمانی و فناوری نانو بود.
دکتر سید فرشاد حسینی شیرازی افزود: در بخش ژن درمانی پژوهشگران توانستند با استفاده از یک "آنتی سنس" (Anti Sense) ژن PKC که در ایجاد سرطان ریه موثر است را خاموش کنند و آنتی سنس را به سلول برسانند و پس از قرار دادن در سلول آن را به نقطه هدف هسته سلول انتقال دهند تا دارو به طور موثری عمل کند.
مدیر پروژه ژن درمانی برای درمان سرطان یاد آور شد: در واقع با تغییرات ایجاد کرده در شکل لیپوزومی آن، یک حامل دارو رسان لیپوزومی ساخته شده است که می تواند حداکثر آنتی سنس را به درون سلول منتقل کند.
وی افزود: پیش از این آنتی سنس به دلیل تغییراتی که برای آن ایجاد می شد و تغییرات دما در درون سلول از بین می رفت و دارو نیز اثر خود را از دست می داد.
حسینی شیرازی میزان نانو بایو ذره ساخته شده را در مقیاس نانو، زیر 400 نانو عنوان کرد و گفت: این دارو رسان لیپوزومی بر خلاف دیگر داروها هدفمند عمل می کند و جذب می شود. این در حالی است که پیش از این دارو پس از وارد شدن درون سلول بخش زیادی از آن از میان می رفت و نمی توانست تأثیر خود را اعمال کند.
وی با اشاره به گسترش فعالیت های این گروه در زمینه درمان سرطان های مختلف خاطرنشان کرد: هم اکنون ساختار دارو رسان مشخص شده و تغییرات ژنی نیز به طور تقریبی ترسیم شده است و برای آینده هدف درمان سرطان های تخمدان و پستان را در دستور کار قرار داده ایم.
معاون غذا و داروی دانشکده داروسازی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی در خصوص میزان اثر این روش در محیط آزمایشگاه گفت: دارورسانی به این روش موجب شده تا 85 درصد سلول های سرطانی از میان بروند و در سال آینده نیز تحقیقات بخش حیوانی و در صورت کسب موفقیت تحقیقات بخشی بالینی آن آغاز می شود.
وی یاد آور شد: این پروژه به مدت 4 سال در دو گروه فارماکولوژی و داروسازی صنعتی دانشکده داروسازی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی و با همکاری محمدعلی تمدن و حمیدرضا مقیمی از دیگر محققان این پروژه انجام گرفت.
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Over the past decade, silicon microelectromechanical systems technology has gradually increased its foothold in mechanical engineering. Favored for their low cost, reliability, and small size—qualities inherited from the integrated circuit manufacturing process—relatively simple MEMS devices began finding their way into consumer applications a decade and a half ago.
Something else was happening back then. At the time that the market was benefiting from microscale automotive airbag sensors and inkjet modules, considerably more complex microsystems were being considered for use in space applications, where miniaturization is a prime goal in the design of military and non-military payloads alike. Such payloads are limited in terms of mass and volume, so when a new function needs to be added to the system, it must be accomplished through miniaturization.
It was not surprising, then, that beginning in the late 1980s, Sandia National Laboratories began to look at MEMS for solutions in its continuing mission to improve and modernize ordnance systems required for the U.S. nuclear stockpile. (Sandia is operated by Sandia Corp., a Lockheed Martin company, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration.)
Sandia then had a state-of-the-art microelectronics fabrication facility that would provide the physical environment, and much of the engineering talent, to take on this new initiative. The 74,000-square-foot Microelectronics Development Laboratory included 12,500 square feet of Class I clean room space. With the growing interest in silicon MEMS technology, part of these new facilities was turned over to the new enterprise, and a new cadre of scientists and engineers began to start work on advanced microsystems that could "sense, think, act, and communicate."
While focused on the needs of the U.S. nuclear weapon complex, it could be assumed that these innovations would also spur new developments in the commercial arena: automotive and consumer products, telecommunications, radio-frequency applications, and medical care...
Out of Proportion
Sandia's new MEMS team began work on a number of relatively complex designs in the early 1990s, and in 1994 demonstrated a micro steam engine that used resistive heating to provide steam from a drop of water. The engine seemed at first to require simply scaling from meters to microns.
Remarkably, it worked without seals because the attractive interfacial force between surfaces was sufficient to prevent the loss of steam. The increased surface-to-volume ratio with decreasing size led to the self-sealing nature of the design. This was an important early indicator that, as structures are scaled to smaller and smaller size, elements of mechanical, optical, and chemical understanding needed to be revisited.
In fact, the micro steam engine gave early notice that, if you really want to excel in MEMS, you need to understand the dominant transport processes and material interactions at the micro- and, more likely, at the nanoscale. Certain processes, such as chemical mechanical polishing to planarize polysilicon layers, were inherited from standard microelectronics fabrication procedure. But new "fixes" had to be found as the fledgling MEMS industry moved farther from its parent technology, and the design assumptions derived from observation of large-scale phenomena became less dependable.
At about this time, Sandia also was tackling a couple of major problems in the design of micromechanical actuators. While MEMS sensors were already a marked success, the micro- actuators of the time suffered from low torque and an inherent difficulty in coupling tools to engines. Sandia's solution was revolutionary: a new, four-layer polysilicon micromachining process that made it possible to make the more complex devices that were needed to solve the actuator riddle.
The process incorporated three movable levels of polysilicon in addition to a stationary layer for a total of four layers of polysilicon. These were separated by sacrificial oxide layers, and an additional friction-reducing layer of silicon nitride was placed between the bearing surfaces. When completed, the resulting micro-engine consisted of two sets of comb-drive actuators that drove a pair of linkages that in turn drove a pair of rotary gears. The smaller gear (0.03 mm in diameter) was successfully operated at speeds in excess of 300,000 rpm, and the larger (1.6 mm diameter) gear as fast as 4,800 rpm. Unfortunately, scanning electron microscopy images taken after only 477,000 cycles clearly showed the buildup of silicon debris, abraded from moving parts of the device.
This failure mechanism provided an invaluable lesson for the Sandia design team. The search for an in-depth understanding of wear mechanisms in dynamic silicon MEMS—so elusive and yet so important—would drive an ambitious wave of leading-edge research into microscale science and engineering, distinct from that which prevailed at the mesoscale.
The design of multilevel two-dimensional silicon devices (so-called 2.5-D designs) continued apace. Before long, these complex computer-aided designs evolved from four to five levels (trademarked by Sandia as SUMMiT IV and SUMMiT V, respectively). But as these designs became more complex, performance issues associated with adhesion, friction, wear, strength, toughness, impact tolerance, fatigue, and creep phenomena became increasingly important.
Significant Forces
Stiction, the combined effects of sticking and friction between surfaces, proved particularly troublesome in MEMS devices from the outset. For structures with thicknesses of a few tenths to several micrometers and lateral dimensions of tens to hundreds of micrometers, significant forces are required to pull apart two surfaces in contact and to initiate motion. Additionally, controlling surface adhesion for materials with high surface energies like polysilicon requires special consideration.
There are two aspects to stiction. The first is the surface tension of the meniscus of liquids, which can pull the surfaces of micromechanical parts together as they are removed from liquid during wet processing (critical steps in SUMMiT IV and SUMMiT V MEMS production). The second problem is the tendency of surfaces to stick together once they touch. Sandia successfully used strategies such as drying in supercritical CO2 and freeze sublimation to deal with the first problem.
The second problem was alleviated through the application of coatings with low energy surfaces at the final stages of fabrication. The application of self-assembled monolayers like octadecyltrichlorosilane, which adheres strongly to SiO2 surfaces and presents a surface monolayer of tail groups that have low sticking and friction properties, lowered demonstrated adhesive forces by orders of magnitude.
Failure provided an invaluable lesson. The search for an in-depth understanding of wear mechanisms in dynamic silicon MEMS would drive leading-edge research into microscale science and engineering.
Anti-adhesion design, supercritical drying, and hydrophobic surface monolayers all help to treat the headaches that occur when van der Waals forces "glue" silicon to silicon. But stiction remains a troublesome problem despite these improvements, and continues to be an important contributor to device failure.
For this reason, newer Sandia MEMS designs minimize the contact of moving parts wherever possible, during normal operation and in the event of abnormal occurrences such as mechanical shock and electrostatic discharge. This can be a very difficult goal. For example, while reducing the amount of surface area rubbing during operation to a minimum is a worthy objective, no method for doing this has yet been devised.
Sandia designers were now taking on the challenges of incorporating changes in behavior into new machine principles at the microdomain, rather than struggling with problems arising from conventional designs. For several years now, a large-scale effort has been devoted to increasing the understanding of surface phenomena (i.e., van der Waals, electrostatic, capillary forces) operating in submicrometer silicon structures. Here, computational simulation has been important to understanding MEMS performance. Adhesion and electrostatic models have been added to Sandia-developed finite element simulation codes such as Adagio and Presto to model structural deformations.
Shedding Light on Heat
Thermal management is similarly important because surface micromachined (SMM) electrothermal actuators rely on thermal processes to deliver work. Modeling phonon-phonon, phonon-grain boundary interactions, and "non-continuum" heat transfer in gases have all proven to be important in predicting the overall, systemic behavior of MEMS devices.
For example, non-continuum heat transfer in gases occurs when the typical distance between gas molecular collisions becomes comparable to the system length scale. In this case, our normal continuum assumptions like Fourier's law of heat conduction and the continuous-temperature boundary condition—that the gas temperature equals the solid temperature at their interface—begin to break down. Normally, this isn't a concern, since gas molecules travel less than a tenth of a micrometer between collisions—but for microsystems dimensions of one micrometer or less are encountered and we can no longer ignore these phenomena.
Similarly, non-continuum heat transfer in solids begins to appear when phonon-collision length scales become comparable to system dimensions. Left without the convenience of our continuum assumptions, prediction of non-continuum heat conduction requires the simulation of individual quantized lattice vibrations or phonons as they move and interact—typically using statistical (Monte Carlo) techniques.
Heat management is an important concern for satellites such as the Space Technology 5 (above), launched last year. An array of MEMS-based shutters installed onboard the satellite open and close via moving microscale actuators.
Based on the results of these complicated (and time-intensive) methods, subgrid analytical models can be built to capture these non-continuum effects and to couple with standard continuum finite element models for large-scale system analysis.
Progress has been made both in improving the SMM design and in qualifying its performance as a result of accurately capturing these non-continuum phenomena in thermal analysis codes. By incorporating more reliable models in design, the number of design-testing cycles has been reduced, and pretest predictions are becoming more reliable.
Explaining Failures
In 2004, Sandia demonstrated a coupled-physics analysis code to simulate electrical, thermal, and mechanical response of SMM microactuators. These "bent-beam" devices operate when current is pushed through an anchored V-shaped beam, expanding the beam with Joule heating (due to the electrical resistance of the structures) and causing the apex to move forward. Joule heating is also a function of voltage, current density, specific resistivity, and geometry. Such devices will operate at up to 60 million cycles without failure at moderate operating temperature—that is, less than 600 K. At temperatures greater than 900 K (1,160oF) and with an increasing number of cycles, stresses within the structural members will change and cause failure. One explanation for the failure suggests the grain sizes in the material increase and surface topology becomes roughened.
The number of unknowns that remain is substantial, and grows larger as designs become more complex. But the problems are by no means insurmountable; they are just taking longer to solve than we anticipated.
Comparison of code predictions from a "non-continuum" thermal model with a "continuum" thermal model yielded striking results. In analyzing the heat transfer in the resistivity-heated microscale beam actuator, the traditional "continuum" model predicted a beam temperature (after cycling) of 750 K, while the "non-continuum" technique model predicted a temperature of 900 K. Researchers experimentally confirmed the higher temperature, a consequence of grain scale property changes including resistivity and conduction, using Raman spectrometry diagnostics to obtain measurements at the submicron scale. And while continuum models predicted that the temperature is continuous at the beam-air interface, Direct Simulation Monte Carlo "non-continuum" simulations showed that the opposite was the case. That is, a temperature jump occurred at the beam-air interface.
This "non-continuum" effect again showed the stark differences between micro- and meso-scale physical effects in structural dynamics, and the folly of assuming that models for processes that are useful in designing relatively large devices can be applied to dynamic MEMS geometries.
We also found that "gas damping" between MEMS structures and the substrate, within the sealed package, can cause serious nonlinearities. While this doesn't lead to failure in the classic sense, it may make it harder to close a switch. On the plus side, gas damping can provide a cushion that enables a MEMS device to survive surprisingly high shock loads.
Growing Pains
The quest to ensure the reliability of complex MEMS devices has yielded impressive results at Sandia and elsewhere, as illustrated by manufacturing and packaging improvements and increased understanding of the physical phenomena that affect reliability at the submicron level. The relative infancy of MEMS manufacturing disciplines, and to some extent the restrictions posed by corporate proprietary protection of its intellectual property and the painfully slow emergence of industry standards, has resulted in slower MEMS technology development and infusion into the commercial sector than was expected in the 1990s.
What has emerged in the past decade is the recognition that more data on materials and on the underlying physics is needed to move MEMS technology forward. This will require that we make noninvasive, high-quality measurements at the scale of the devices—in itself an extremely difficult task because of the small size and the large influence of the surrounding structures.
The Microlab and Microfab facility was completed last year. Replacing a lab built in the 1980s, the building has space for more than 250 workers.
For example, if they are to optimize their designs, MEMS engineers need a greater understanding of the role of coatings and surface roughness on adhesion: Why is it that a rough surface with a few contacts may provide less friction than two smooth surfaces with high adhesion? Modeling and simulation can help with the answer, but only if the essential physics is captured in the model.
The bottom line in the MEMS engineering story is designing for reliability, to assure fatigue-free behavior over hundreds of millions of cycles, during which the physical properties of the device remain virtually indistinguishable from those of a newly minted device. To do this, we know that contacting surfaces should be minimized; that planar surfaces should be positioned to minimize contribution of van der Waals forces; that stress in polysilicon elements should be kept to 10 percent or less of the measured fracture strength for the material and process in use. And more. And we know that this is just the start of the quest.
The number of unknowns that remain as we unscramble the nano- and microscale mysteries of the MEMS phenomenon is indeed substantial, and grows larger as designs become more complex. But the problems are by no means insurmountable; they are just taking longer to solve than we had anticipated. A number of reliability-connected improvements have been noted above.
Microscale Enabled Solutions
In addition, modeling and simulation can provide valuable insights on how to enhance the MEMS device performance, discover flawed designs before fabrication, and enable design optimization. As an example, process improvements augmented after modeling and simulation were responsible for increasing yields from a mere 20 percent to more than 90 percent for the micromirror arrays, used for optical switching, made by the Sandia spin-off company MEMX. Each of these arrays contains more than 100,000 mechanical elements. Today they will function for more than half a trillion cycles at 70°C without failure.
While MEMS has not yet lived up to the optimism of the 1990s, enhanced understanding of scale-dependent physics is helping us to make progress toward the buoyant expectations voiced during those times. We are moving from the early, relatively unenlightened days of "making macro solutions smaller" to doing things a new way, through "microscale enabled solutions."
We have learned a lot. Engineering at the microscale introduces an appreciation of the complex physics at the feature scales of the devices. It demands the appreciation of a ground-up approach to design and problem-solving, and full acknowledgment of the importance of nano-phenomena that run from van der Waals forces to the collision of phonons with grain boundaries. Ideas like "micro-enabled solutions" and the related need for "scale aware" tools arise as modeling becomes accepted as an integral part of the product realization cycle.
As these new perspectives evolve into reality, a new breed of engineer is also coming into existence. In fact, the distinction among the computer scientist, the materials scientist, and the engineer is becoming blurred. Mechanical engineering cannot help but benefit from this exciting new horizon. MEMS is here to stay, and it will transform the future.
CAD for MEMS
The lack of computer-aided design infrastructure held back early work in silicon microelectromechanical systems technology.
While MEMS drew heavily on existing integrated circuit technology, the related CAD packages were not very compatible with integrated microsystems, which employ much more complex shapes.
For example, they were not well suited for describing a frame shape, which is in effect a rectangle with a smaller rectangular hole in it, and were quite inadequate when designing something as complicated as a gear with involute gear teeth and 1,000 etch release holes. A similar problem existed in the case of simulation packages, which were excellent in simulating electrical behavior, but ineffective when mechanical, optical, or other structures were introduced onto the chip.
While companies such as Microcosm Technologies and Tanner Research made early progress in addressing these issues, much of the design work was guided primarily by rules of thumb.
Since those days, the challenges of scale have been addressed by applying an increased understanding of the nanoscale physics that becomes an increasingly important factor in device reliability as feature sizes become smaller. To a very large degree, this increased knowledge is being enabled by computational simulation.
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batteries are too big. And they don't last long enough—just ask any soldier, laptop user, or TV cameraman. But Alan Epstein, a professor of aeronautics and astronautics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, hopes to change all that with a gas turbine engine made of silicon. It's no larger than a quarter and can be stamped out a hundred at a time.
Epstein and his colleagues have been working on the little engine for more than a decade now, and they may currently be just months away from an actual working model. It's hard to tell exactly, because, unlike the fixes that might be needed to nudge a full-size turbine to readiness, every change Epstein's team makes means starting over and building the engine again.
"That's the big difference between something built in silicon, and something built conventionally," Epstein said. "If it's conventional, and you decide something's too big, you take it apart, take it down to the machine shop, then reassemble it. With our engine, once you've built it, it's one solid piece of silicon, and to make a change you have to start from scratch."
Microengines for microprocessors: These tiny silicon gas-turbine engines may soon power laptops or cell phones. And, they'll do so efficiently.
However long and difficult the design cycle, a big surprise for Epstein was discovering how similar the overall concepts of a microengine were to a turbine of any size. "We thought we'd have problems that were very different from a large engine, but in retrospect, we haven't. Our solutions are designed differently, but the challenges are the same: bearings and rotor dynamics," Epstein said.
Contrary to previous analysis, the fluid mechanics at the size Epstein hoped to build his engine turned out to be the same as those of larger engines. As long as the passages made for gas flow are larger than a micrometer in diameter, molecular kinetics are not an issue. The size of the tubes is not so small that at the molecular level the behavior of the fluid against the passage walls changes.
That said, the size of the engine does alter the design, of course—mostly thanks to the limited way tiny things are built in silicon. Whereas a larger engine might first be designed for efficiency—with the question of how to actually manufacture it put off till later—the unique problems of manufacturing in the minuscule dictate the design from the get-go.
Fine Etchings
To make whole sheets of the little turbines all at once, they are built with nine etched and bonded silicon wafers (earlier versions used only six). The virgin silicon is first coated with a photoresist, then a design pattern is applied on top. Next, the wafer is developed and baked. The silicon that remains exposed is then etched, either chemically or with a plasma. To protect the resulting vertical walls from being worn away, they are dusted with a Teflon-like polymer. (The area covered by the pattern is actually etched as well, but as the rest of the silicon is removed somewhere between 50 and 100 times faster than the pattern, the desired depth is achieved.) By repeating this process, a single wafer can have several layers. Smooth slopes may someday be achieved with a gray- scale pattern being developed at MIT's partner, the University of Maryland.
The rotor and its airfoils are carved out of a single wafer. Additional plumbing and bearings are etched onto the wafers that are to sandwich the rotor. All the layers must then be bonded together. Silicon bonds well to silicon, it turns out, and the bonded areas are just as strong as the material itself—but only if the surfaces are kept perfectly clean. A dust particle no bigger than a millionth of a meter in diameter can keep an area the size of the engine itself from bonding.
Although it would be feasible to place a separate rotor into the middle of a silicon engine, the cost and time required for such a procedure would be prohibitive—making the engines impossible to produce cheaply by the hundreds out of a single silicon sheet. Instead, the rotor is made entirely out of one of the wafer layers, but it cannot be completely freed during etching or this most crucial element may fall out during the rest of the manufacturing process. To keep from losing it, Epstein's team keeps it attached until the very end, either with a glue that can later be dissolved or with thin silicon tabs that are easily broken.
This cross-section is of an earlier concept using only five layers. The center wafer contains the etched rotor (disc and airfoils) and the rest of the sandwich consists primarily of bearings and plumbing.
Combustion occurs just outside the rotor, at the same wafer level, spinning it by pushing on its airfoils from the outside. At more than a million rpm the heat produced by the spinning rotor threatens to actually weaken the silicon, so cooling becomes a major issue. To pump out the heat more quickly, the shaft that would normally be in the center of the rotor is removed. A side benefit of the high rpms is that to human ears the turbine is silent. Electricity will be produced with either a tiny magnetic generator, or an electrostatic induction machine.
"To date, these have been driven by micro air turbines for test purposes, rather than the micro gas turbine, which has yet to produce positive mechanical power," Epstein said. With the air turbine the magnetic generator has been shown to produce 10 watts of power.
Although the turbine size is not small enough to change the behavior of fluids, it is small enough to make any fine tuning of the plumbing difficult. On large turbines, for instance, changes in fluid density are handled with tapered passages. Such tubing is currently impossible on an engine of this size, although changing the rotor's airfoil thickness can help the problem somewhat. There's also no way to make tubes with gentle curves—passages are necessarily either etched straight down through a wafer, or across it—so the plumbing has to change directions at right angles. Both limitations reduce the overall efficiency.
From top to bottom, left: (1) A magnetic generator, 4 mm in diameter; it's almost 60 percent efficient. (2) A 6 mm diameter turbine nested neatly within the cumbustor. (3) The airfoils on this silicon wafer have thick trailing edges to make up for an inability to taper fluid paths. (4) A diamond saw will separate turbines along the lines. Empty white circles test how the material responds to processing, and squares within the squares contain MIT's logo.
Bearing the Loads
"You can indeed make million-rpm air bearing systems out of silicon and have them run reliably," Epstein said. But the bearings on such an engine have to be able to withstand not only the forces going on within, but also the sudden acceleration that might occur when, say, a cell phone is yanked off a table—or dropped on a sidewalk.
The concern is even greater for Epstein's lab since his prototypes take months to put together and are assembled one at a time. "These things are fragile, and if someone drops the wafers—it's happened at Intel. People drop things that are worth tens of millions of dollars."
As for the primary materials in use, with the etching process, the options were few. "Our choices were silicon, silicon, silicon, so we chose silicon," said Epstein. However restricted they were in their materials selection, silicon turns out not to be too bad: It can go to higher temperatures than the materials used in larger engines, and is stronger, too. Silicon nitride and silicon carbide would work well in larger turbines if it weren't for the fact that they are difficult to manufacture in large sizes without introducing flaws.
While there is clearly plenty of room for improving efficiency, the microengine may very well end up as the only real way to power, say, a laptop, an iPod, or a soldier's thermal weapon sight, to say nothing of a palm-size plane. In terms of power per pound, the little engine will easily beat batteries with an output of somewhere between 50 and 100 watts and a 100:1 thrust ratio. Overall it will perform as well as the gas turbines made in the 1940s.
So what, then, is the holdup? "We're at the stage where we chose to demonstrate each part separately. All of them work as individual devices," Epstein said. "It's getting them all to work on the same day and at the same place that's the challenge."
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Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) is the integration of mechanical elements, sensors, actuators, and electronics on a common silicon substrate through microfabrication technology. While the electronics are fabricated using integrated circuit (IC) process sequences (e.g., CMOS, Bipolar, or BICMOS processes), the micromechanical components are fabricated using compatible "micromachining" processes that selectively etch away parts of the silicon wafer or add new structural layers to form the mechanical and electromechanical devices.
MEMS promises to revolutionize nearly every product category by bringing together silicon-based microelectronics with micromachining technology, making possible the realization of complete systems-on-a-chip. MEMS is an enabling technology allowing the development of smart products, augmenting the computational ability of microelectronics with the perception and control capabilities of microsensors and microactuators and expanding the space of possible designs and applications.
Microelectronic integrated circuits can be thought of as the "brains" of a system and MEMS augments this decision-making capability with "eyes" and "arms", to allow microsystems to sense and control the environment. Sensors gather information from the environment through measuring mechanical, thermal, biological, chemical, optical, and magnetic phenomena. The electronics then process the information derived from the sensors and through some decision making capability direct the actuators to respond by moving, positioning, regulating, pumping, and filtering, thereby controlling the environment for some desired outcome or purpose. Because MEMS devices are manufactured using batch fabrication techniques similar to those used for integrated circuits, unprecedented levels of functionality, reliability, and sophistication can be placed on a small silicon chip at a relatively low cost.
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Nano-Sun: From Traditional Printing to High Resolution Nano-Printing
This image created by IBM scientists demonstrates a new nano "printing" technique they believe will lead to breakthroughs in ultra-tiny chips, optics, and biosensors. The recreation of Robert Fludd's 17th century drawing of the Sun – the alchemists’ symbol for gold -- was created by precisely placing 20,000 gold particles, each about 60 nanometers in diameter. This method could be used for mass production to place particles as small as 2 nanometers in diameter to fabricate atomic scale nanowires, ultra tiny lenses for optics and biosensors for healthcare. Credit: IBM
IBM researchers in collaboration with scientists from the ETH Zurich have demonstrated a new, efficient and precise technique to “print” at the nanoscale.
The method, which allows the scientists to place individual particles precisely where they want them, could advance the development of nanoscale biosensors, ultra-tiny lenses that can bend light inside future optical chips, and the fabrication of nanowires that might be the basis of tomorrow’s computer chips.
Though still a few years from being used widely, the new technique shows promise for real world applications outside of the lab without major profound new inventions, and could lead to high-volume manufacturing techniques for nanostructures inside chips and other devices that are more efficient and cost less than today’s methods.
Top - The traditional printing method known as "gravure printing", where an image is etched on the surface of a metal plate, the etched area is filled with ink, then the plate is rotated on a cylinder that transfers the image to paper or other material. This method allows for features as small as 10,000 nanometers, far too big for use in electronics. Bottom - IBM's novel new nano printing method, which uses a self-assembly process to control the arrangement of tiny nanoparticles, in this case 20,000 gold particles, each about 60 nanometers in diameter. The gold nanoparticles are swept across a surface and convective forces in the liquid push the particles into grooves in the surface, forming nanostructures with a well-defined geometry. The IBM scientists believe this method could be used for mass production -- more efficiently and at a lower cost -- to place particles as small as 2 nanometers in diameter to fabricate atomic scale nanowires, ultra tiny lenses for optics and biosensors for healthcare. Credit: IBM
“This method opens up new ways to precisely and efficiently position various kinds of nanoparticles on different surfaces, a prerequisite for exploiting the unique properties of such nanoparticles and for making their use economically feasible,” explains Heiko Wolf, researcher in nanopatterning at IBM’s Zurich Research lab.
The achievement, published in the September issue of the journal Nature Nanotechnology, offers a promising and powerful new tool for use in a wide range of fields and industries such as biomedicine, electronics and IT that seek ways to exploit the often unique properties of so-called nanoparticles, which are defined as particles smaller than 100 nanometers.
Until now, standard top-down micro-fabrication techniques produce such tiny particles by in effect carving them out of a bigger piece of material. Printing, in contrast, adds ready-made nanoparticles onto a surface in a very efficient way and allows for different types of materials such as metals, polymers, semiconductors, and oxides to be combined in one process.
For the first time, the researchers printed particles as tiny as 60 nanometers -- roughly 100 times smaller than a human red blood cell -- with single-particle resolution to create nano-patterns ranging from simple lines to complex arrangements. Translating the resolution of these particles into a traditional printing term known as “dots per inch” or dpi, a standard measure that defines how many individual spots of ink can be printed on a certain area, the nanoprinting method yields 100,000 dots per inch, whereas common offset printing today operates at 1,500 dpi.
To demonstrate the efficiency and the versatility of their method, the researchers chose to print Robert Fludd’s 17th-century image of the sun, the alchemists’ symbol for gold. Quite fittingly, it is printed out of roughly 20,000 gold particles, each of them 60 nanometers in diameter. The printing method precisely placed one particle per dot, thus creating the smallest piece of artwork ever printed from single pigment particles.
Nanoprinting Applications
In biomedicine this printing process could, for example, be applied to the printing of large arrays of biofunctional beads that can detect and identify certain cells or markers in the body. One example could be rapid screening for cancer cells or heart attack markers. As part of new point-of-care diagnostic devices, regular arrays of functional beads could enable a fast and automated read-out that only needs the tiniest amounts of samples.
Nanoparticles can also interact with light. With the new method, optical materials with new properties could be printed, for example, for use in optoelectronic devices. So-called “metamaterials” could be created in which the printed structures are as small as the wavelength of the light and therefore act as if they were a single lens with unusual properties.
Moreover, the method holds promise for semiconductors. In one experiment, the researchers achieved the controlled placement of catalytic seed particles for growing semiconducting nanowires. Such nanowires are promising candidates for future transistors in microchips.
Printing on the Nanoscale
“In traditional gravure printing, a doctor blade is used to fill the recessed features of a printing plate with ink, in which pigment particles are randomly dispersed,” explains Tobias Kraus, of the nanopatterning team in Zurich. “In our high-resolution printing, a directed self-assembly process controls the arrangement of nanoparticles on the printing plate or template. The entire assembly is then printed onto a target surface, whereby the particle positions are precisely retained at a resolution that is three orders of magnitude higher than in conventional printing.”
The printing template geometries explored include lines to produce closely-packed nanoparticle wires, which could be used in molecular electronics; regularly spaced arrays of gold particles as seeds for nanowire growth; and arbitrary arrangements, such as the printed replica of the sun. The long-range accuracy, which measures the deviation from the desired arrangement on a large area, is similar to that of microcontact printing methods. The next steps will be to refine the method to achieve even higher accuracies, as would be required for large-scale integration in microelectronics, as well as to extend the method to print even
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![[SEM micrograph]](http://www.memsnet.org/images/mems-image-1.jpg)
